Merge branch 'master' into add-extra-dzsave-tiles

2017-12-01 13:33:54 +00:00 · 2017-12-01 13:33:54 +00:00 · 13a693c8bc
commit 13a693c8bc
parent 5664a0d9b1 9c8790b40a
23 changed files with 381 additions and 364 deletions
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 - vips_image_write() severs all links between images, when it can ... thanks
  Warren and Nakilon
 - vector path for convolution is more accurate and can handle larger masks
- linear and cubic kernels for reduce are higer quality
+- linear and cubic kernels for reduce are higher quality
 - added vips_value_set_blob_free()
 - "--size Nx" to vipsthumbnail was broken, thanks jrochkind 
 - fix build with gcc 7
@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
 - add dispose handling to gifload
 - dzsave outputs extra right and bottom overlap-only tiles, for closer spec
  adherence
+- deprecate the "centre" option for vips_resize(): it's now always on
+- setting the EXIF data block automatically sets other image tags

 29/8/17 started 8.5.9
 - make --fail stop jpeg read on any libjpeg warning, thanks @mceachen
--- a/cplusplus/include/vips/vips-operators.h
+++ b/cplusplus/include/vips/vips-operators.h
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // headers for vips operations
-// Fri  6 Oct 16:31:27 BST 2017
+// Sun 26 Nov 17:44:41 GMT 2017
 // this file is generated automatically, do not edit!

 static void system( char * cmd_format , VOption *options = 0 );
@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ VImage linecache( VOption *options = 0 );
 VImage sequential( VOption *options = 0 );
 VImage cache( VOption *options = 0 );
 VImage embed( int x , int y , int width , int height , VOption *options = 0 );
+VImage gravity( VipsCompassDirection direction , int width , int height , VOption *options = 0 );
 VImage flip( VipsDirection direction , VOption *options = 0 );
 VImage insert( VImage sub , int x , int y , VOption *options = 0 );
 VImage join( VImage in2 , VipsDirection direction , VOption *options = 0 );
@ -232,6 +233,7 @@ VImage morph( VImage mask , VipsOperationMorphology morph , VOption *options = 0
 VImage rank( int width , int height , int index , VOption *options = 0 );
 double countlines( VipsDirection direction , VOption *options = 0 );
 VImage labelregions( VOption *options = 0 );
+VImage fill_nearest( VOption *options = 0 );
 void draw_rect( std::vector<double> ink , int left , int top , int width , int height , VOption *options = 0 );
 void draw_mask( std::vector<double> ink , VImage mask , int x , int y , VOption *options = 0 );
 void draw_line( std::vector<double> ink , int x1 , int y1 , int x2 , int y2 , VOption *options = 0 );
--- a/cplusplus/vips-operators.cpp
+++ b/cplusplus/vips-operators.cpp
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // bodies for vips operations
-// Fri  6 Oct 16:30:42 BST 2017
+// Sun 26 Nov 17:44:23 GMT 2017
 // this file is generated automatically, do not edit!

 void VImage::system( char * cmd_format , VOption *options )
@ -578,6 +578,21 @@ VImage VImage::embed( int x , int y , int width , int height , VOption *options
    return( out );
 }

+VImage VImage::gravity( VipsCompassDirection direction , int width , int height , VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "gravity" ,
+        (options ? options : VImage::option()) ->
+            set( "in", *this ) ->
+            set( "out", &out ) ->
+            set( "direction", direction ) ->
+            set( "width", width ) ->
+            set( "height", height ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::flip( VipsDirection direction , VOption *options )
 {
    VImage out;
@ -2863,6 +2878,18 @@ VImage VImage::labelregions( VOption *options )
    return( mask );
 }

+VImage VImage::fill_nearest( VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "fill_nearest" ,
+        (options ? options : VImage::option()) ->
+            set( "in", *this ) ->
+            set( "out", &out ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::draw_rect( std::vector<double> ink , int left , int top , int width , int height , VOption *options )
 {
    call( "draw_rect" ,
--- a/doc/Examples.xml
+++ b/doc/Examples.xml
@ -22,16 +22,14 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python

 import sys
-import gi
-gi.require_version('Vips', '8.0')
-from gi.repository import Vips
+import pyvips

 left = 10
 top = 10
 width = 64
 height = 64

-image = Vips.Image.new_from_file(sys.argv[1])
+image = pyvips.Image.new_from_file(sys.argv[1])
 roi = image.crop(left, top, width, height)
 print 'average:', roi.avg()
 </programlisting>
@ -39,146 +37,80 @@ print 'average:', roi.avg()
 <refsect3 id="libvips-and-numpy">
  <title>libvips and numpy</title>
  <para>
-    You can use <literal>Vips.Image.new_from_memory_copy()</literal> to make a vips image from an area of memory. The memory array needs to be laid out band-interleaved, as a set of scanlines, with no padding between lines.
-  </para>
-  <para>
-    This example moves an image from numpy to vips, but it’s simple to move the other way (use <literal>Vips.Image.write_to_memory()</literal>) to to move images into or out of PIL.
+    You can use <literal>pyvips.Image.new_from_memory()</literal> to make a vips image from an area of memory. The memory array needs to be laid out band-interleaved, as a set of scanlines, with no padding between lines.
  </para>
  <programlisting language="python">
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python

-import numpy 
-import scipy.ndimage
-import gi
-gi.require_version('Vips', '8.0')
-from gi.repository import Vips
-
-def np_dtype_to_vips_format(np_dtype):
-    '''
-    Map numpy data types to VIPS data formats.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    np_dtype: numpy.dtype
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    gi.overrides.Vips.BandFormat
-    '''
-    lookup = {
-        numpy.dtype('int8'): Vips.BandFormat.CHAR,
-        numpy.dtype('uint8'): Vips.BandFormat.UCHAR,
-        numpy.dtype('int16'): Vips.BandFormat.SHORT,
-        numpy.dtype('uint16'): Vips.BandFormat.USHORT,
-        numpy.dtype('int32'): Vips.BandFormat.INT,
-        numpy.dtype('float32'): Vips.BandFormat.FLOAT,
-        numpy.dtype('float64'): Vips.BandFormat.DOUBLE
-    }
-    return lookup[np_dtype]
-
-def np_array_to_vips_image(array):
-    '''
-    Convert a `numpy` array to a `Vips` image object.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    nparray: numpy.ndarray
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    gi.overrides.Vips.image
-    '''
-    # Look up what VIPS format corresponds to the type of this np array
-    vips_format = np_dtype_to_vips_format(array.dtype)
-    dims = array.shape
-    height = dims[0]
-    width = 1
-    bands = 1
-    if len(dims) &gt; 1:
-        width = dims[1]
-    if len(dims) &gt; 2:
-        bands = dims[2]
-    img = Vips.Image.new_from_memory_copy(array.data, 
-        width, height, bands, vips_format)
-
-    return img
-
-array = numpy.random.random((10,10))
-vips_image = np_array_to_vips_image(array)
-print 'avg =', vips_image.avg()
-
-array = scipy.ndimage.imread(&quot;test.jpg&quot;)
-vips_image = np_array_to_vips_image(array)
-print 'avg =', vips_image.avg()
-vips_image.write_to_file(&quot;test2.jpg&quot;)
-</programlisting>
-</refsect3>
-<refsect3 id="watermarking">
-  <title>Watermarking</title>
-  <para>
-    This example renders a simple watermark on an image. Use it like this:
-  </para>
-  <programlisting>
-./watermark.py somefile.png output.jpg &quot;hello &lt;i&gt;world&lt;/i&gt;&quot;
-</programlisting>
-  <para>
-    The text is rendered in transparent red pixels all over the image. It knows about transparency, CMYK, and 16-bit images.
-  </para>
-  <programlisting language="python">
-#!/usr/bin/python
- 
 import sys
-import gi
-gi.require_version('Vips', '8.0')
-from gi.repository import Vips
- 
-im = Vips.Image.new_from_file(sys.argv[1], access = Vips.Access.SEQUENTIAL)
- 
-text = Vips.Image.text(sys.argv[3], width = 500, dpi = 300)
-text = (text * 0.3).cast(&quot;uchar&quot;)
-text = text.embed(100, 100, text.width + 200, text.width + 200)
-text = text.replicate(1 + im.width / text.width, 1 + im.height / text.height)
-text = text.crop(0, 0, im.width, im.height)
+import time

-# we want to blend into the visible part of the image and leave any alpha
-# channels untouched ... we need to split im into two parts
+import pyvips
+from PIL import Image
+import numpy as np

-# 16-bit images have 65535 as white
-if im.format == Vips.BandFormat.USHORT:
-    white = 65535
-else:
-    white = 255
+if len(sys.argv) != 3:
+    print('usage: {0} input-filename output-filename'.format(sys.argv[0]))
+    sys.exit(-1)

-# guess how many bands from the start of im contain visible colour information
-if im.bands &gt;= 4 and im.interpretation == Vips.Interpretation.CMYK:
-    # cmyk image ... put the white into the magenta channel
-    n_visible_bands = 4
-    text_colour = [0, white, 0, 0]
-elif im.bands &gt;= 3:
-    # colour image ... put the white into the red channel
-    n_visible_bands = 3
-    text_colour = [white, 0, 0]
-else:
-    # mono image
-    n_visible_bands = 1
-    text_colour = white
+# map vips formats to np dtypes
+format_to_dtype = {
+    'uchar': np.uint8,
+    'char': np.int8,
+    'ushort': np.uint16,
+    'short': np.int16,
+    'uint': np.uint32,
+    'int': np.int32,
+    'float': np.float32,
+    'double': np.float64,
+    'complex': np.complex64,
+    'dpcomplex': np.complex128,
+}

-# split into image and alpha
-if im.bands - n_visible_bands &gt; 0:
-    alpha = im.extract_band(n_visible_bands, n = im.bands - n_visible_bands)
-    im = im.extract_band(0, n = n_visible_bands)
-else:
-    alpha = None
+# map np dtypes to vips
+dtype_to_format = {
+    'uint8': 'uchar',
+    'int8': 'char',
+    'uint16': 'ushort',
+    'int16': 'short',
+    'uint32': 'uint',
+    'int32': 'int',
+    'float32': 'float',
+    'float64': 'double',
+    'complex64': 'complex',
+    'complex128': 'dpcomplex',
+}

-# blend means do a smooth fade using the 0 - 255 values in the condition channel
-# (test in this case) ... this will render the anit-aliasing
-im = text.ifthenelse(text_colour, im, blend = True)
+# load with PIL
+start_pillow = time.time()
+pillow_img = np.asarray(Image.open(sys.argv[1]))
+print('Pillow Time:', time.time()-start_pillow)
+print('original shape', pillow_img.shape)

-# reattach alpha
-if alpha:
-    im = im.bandjoin(alpha)
- 
-im.write_to_file(sys.argv[2])
+# load with vips to a memory array
+start_vips = time.time()
+img = pyvips.Image.new_from_file(sys.argv[1], access='sequential')
+mem_img = img.write_to_memory()
+
+# then make a numpy array from that buffer object
+np_3d = np.ndarray(buffer=mem_img,
+                   dtype=format_to_dtype[img.format],
+                   shape=[img.height, img.width, img.bands])
+
+print('Vips Time:', time.time()-start_vips)
+print('final shape', np_3d.shape)
+
+# verify we have the same result
+print('Sum of the Differences:', np.sum(np_3d-pillow_img))
+
+# make a vips image from the numpy array
+height, width, bands = np_3d.shape
+linear = np_3d.reshape(width * height * bands)
+vi = pyvips.Image.new_from_memory(linear.data, width, height, bands,
+                                  dtype_to_format[str(np_3d.dtype)])
+
+# and write back to disc for checking
+vi.write_to_file(sys.argv[2])
 </programlisting>
 </refsect3>
 <refsect3 id="build-huge-image-mosaic">
@ -219,19 +151,13 @@ sys 0m8.936s

 import sys
 import random
-
-import gi
-gi.require_version('Vips', '8.0')
-from gi.repository import Vips
-
-# turn on progress reporting
-Vips.progress_set(True)
+import pyvips

 # this makes a 8-bit, mono image of 100,000 x 100,000 pixels, each pixel zero
-im = Vips.Image.black(100000, 100000)
+im = pyvips.Image.black(100000, 100000)

 for filename in sys.argv[2:]:
-    tile = Vips.Image.new_from_file(filename, access = Vips.Access.SEQUENTIAL)
+    tile = pyvips.Image.new_from_file(filename, access='sequential')

    im = im.insert(tile,
                   random.randint(0, im.width - tile.width),
@ -240,82 +166,6 @@ for filename in sys.argv[2:]:
 im.write_to_file(sys.argv[1])
 </programlisting>
 </refsect3>
-<refsect3 id="rename-dicom-images-using-header-fields">
-  <title>Rename DICOM images using header fields</title>
-  <para>
-    DICOM images commonly come in an awful directory hierarchy named as something like <literal>images/a/b/e/z04</literal>. There can be thousands of files and it can be very hard to find the one you want.
-  </para>
-  <para>
-    This utility copies files to a single flat directory, naming them using fields from the DICOM header. You can actually find stuff! Useful.
-  </para>
-  <programlisting language="python">
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-import sys
-import re
-import os
-import shutil
-
-import gi
-gi.require_version('Vips', '8.0')
-from gi.repository import Vips 
-
-if len(sys.argv) != 3:
-    print 'rename DICOM files using tags from the header'
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-srcdir = sys.argv[1]
-destdir = sys.argv[2]
-
-if not os.access(destdir, os.F_OK | os.R_OK | os.W_OK | os.X_OK):
-    os.mkdir(destdir)
-
-def get_field(vim, field):
-    result = vim.get_value(field)
-
-    # remove any \n etc.
-    result = re.sub(&quot;\n&quot;, &quot;&quot;, result)
-
-    # remove any leading or trailing spaces
-    result = re.sub(&quot; $&quot;, &quot;&quot;, result)
-    result = re.sub(&quot;^ &quot;, &quot;&quot;, result)
-
-    return result
-
-modality_name = &quot;magick-dcm:Modality&quot;
-series_name = &quot;magick-dcm:SeriesNumber&quot;
-instance_name = &quot;magick-dcm:Instance(formerlyImage)Number&quot;
-date_name = &quot;magick-dcm:ImageDate&quot;
-
-for(dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk(srcdir):
-    for file in filenames:
-        path = os.path.join(dirpath, file)
-
-        try:
-            vim = Vips.Image.new_from_file(path)
-        except Vips.Error, e:
-            print 'unable to open', path
-            print e
-            continue
-
-        try:
-            modality = get_field(vim, modality_name)
-            series = get_field(vim, series_name)
-            instance = get_field(vim, instance_name)
-            date = get_field(vim, date_name)
-        except Vips.Error, e:
-            print 'unable to get fields from header', path
-            print e
-            continue
-
-        match = re.match(&quot;(\d\d\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)&quot;, date)
-        date = match.group(1) + &quot;.&quot; + match.group(2) + &quot;.&quot; + match.group(3)
-
-        newname = &quot;lan.&quot; + modality + &quot;.&quot; + instance + &quot;.&quot; + date + &quot;.IMA&quot;
-
-        shutil.copyfile(path, os.path.join(destdir, newname))
-</programlisting>
-</refsect3>


 </refentry>
--- a/libvips/arithmetic/hist_find_indexed.c
+++ b/libvips/arithmetic/hist_find_indexed.c
@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ typedef struct {
 	int size;		/* Length of bins */
 	int mx;			/* Maximum value we have seen */
 	double *bins;		/* All the bins! */
+	int *init;		/* TRUE for bin has been initialised */
 } Histogram;

 typedef struct _VipsHistFindIndexed {
@ -108,12 +109,15 @@ histogram_new( VipsHistFindIndexed *indexed )
 		256 : 65536;
 	hist->mx = 0;
 	hist->bins = NULL;
+	hist->init = NULL;

 	if( !(hist->bins = VIPS_ARRAY( indexed, bands * hist->size, double )) ||
+		!(hist->init = VIPS_ARRAY( indexed, hist->size, int )) ||
 		!(hist->reg = vips_region_new( indexed->index_ready )) ) 
 		return( NULL );

 	memset( hist->bins, 0, bands * hist->size * sizeof( double ) );
+	memset( hist->init, 0, hist->size * sizeof( int ) );

 	return( hist );
 }
@ -233,13 +237,34 @@ vips_hist_find_indexed_stop( VipsStatistic *statistic, void *seq )
 	Histogram *hist = indexed->hist; 
 	int bands = statistic->ready->Bands; 

-	int i;
+	int i, j;
+	double *bins;
+	double *sub_bins;
+	int *init;
+	int *sub_init;

-	/* Add on sub-data.
-	 */
 	hist->mx = VIPS_MAX( hist->mx, sub_hist->mx );
-	for( i = 0; i < bands * hist->size; i++ ) 
-		COMBINE( indexed->combine, hist->bins[i], sub_hist->bins[i] );
+
+	bins = hist->bins;
+	sub_bins = sub_hist->bins;
+	init = hist->init;
+	sub_init = sub_hist->init;
+	for( i = 0; i <= sub_hist->mx; i++ ) {
+		if( sub_init[i] ) {
+			if( init[i] ) 
+				for( j = 0; j < bands; j++ )
+					COMBINE( indexed->combine, 
+						bins[j], sub_bins[j] );
+			else {
+				for( j = 0; j < bands; j++ )
+					bins[j] = sub_bins[j];
+				init[i] = TRUE;
+			}
+		}
+
+		bins += bands;
+		sub_bins += bands;
+	}

 	VIPS_UNREF( sub_hist->reg );

@ -253,10 +278,17 @@ vips_hist_find_indexed_stop( VipsStatistic *statistic, void *seq )
 	TYPE *tv = (TYPE *) in; \
 	\
 	for( x = 0; x < n; x++ ) { \
-		double *bin = hist->bins + i[x] * bands; \
+		int ix = i[x]; \
+		double *bin = hist->bins + ix * bands; \
 		\
-		for( z = 0; z < bands; z++ ) \
-			COMBINE( indexed->combine, bin[z], tv[z] ); \
+		if( hist->init[ix] ) \
+			for( z = 0; z < bands; z++ ) \
+				COMBINE( indexed->combine, bin[z], tv[z] ); \
+		else { \
+			for( z = 0; z < bands; z++ ) \
+				bin[z] = tv[z]; \
+			hist->init[ix] = TRUE; \
+		} \
 		\
 		tv += bands; \
 	} \
@ -312,8 +344,14 @@ vips_hist_find_indexed_uchar_scan( VipsHistFindIndexed *indexed,
 		if( ix > mx ) \
 			mx = ix; \
 		\
-		for( z = 0; z < bands; z++ ) \
-			COMBINE( indexed->combine, bin[z], tv[z] ); \
+		if( hist->init[ix] ) \
+			for( z = 0; z < bands; z++ ) \
+				COMBINE( indexed->combine, bin[z], tv[z] ); \
+		else { \
+			for( z = 0; z < bands; z++ ) \
+				bin[z] = tv[z]; \
+			hist->init[ix] = TRUE; \
+		} \
 		\
 		tv += bands; \
 	} \
--- a/libvips/colour/LabQ2sRGB.c
+++ b/libvips/colour/LabQ2sRGB.c
@ -75,21 +75,21 @@ G_DEFINE_TYPE( VipsLabQ2sRGB, vips_LabQ2sRGB, VIPS_TYPE_COLOUR_CODE );
 *
 * There's an extra element at the end to let us do a +1 for interpolation.
 */
-static int vips_Y2v_8[256 + 1];
+int vips_Y2v_8[256 + 1];

 /* 8-bit sRGB -> linear lut.
 */
-static float vips_v2Y_8[256];
+float vips_v2Y_8[256];

 /* 16-bit linear -> sRGB lut. 
 *
 * There's an extra element at the end to let us do a +1 for interpolation.
 */
-static int vips_Y2v_16[65536 + 1];
+int vips_Y2v_16[65536 + 1];

 /* 16-bit sRGB -> linear lut.
 */
-static float vips_v2Y_16[65536];
+float vips_v2Y_16[65536];

 /* Do our own indexing of the arrays below to make sure we get efficient mults.
 */
@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ calcul_tables_8( void *client )
 	return( NULL );
 }

-static void
+void
 vips_col_make_tables_RGB_8( void )
 {
 	static GOnce once = G_ONCE_INIT;
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ calcul_tables_16( void *client )
 	return( NULL );
 }

-static void
+void
 vips_col_make_tables_RGB_16( void )
 {
 	static GOnce once = G_ONCE_INIT;
--- a/libvips/colour/pcolour.h
+++ b/libvips/colour/pcolour.h
@ -205,6 +205,17 @@ GType vips_colour_difference_get_type( void );
 void vips__pythagoras_line( VipsColour *colour, 
 	VipsPel *out, VipsPel **in, int width );

+/* Colour tables for Y<->v conversion. Call vips_col_make_tables_RGB_8() and
+ * vips_col_make_tables_RGB_16() before use to initialize.
+ */
+extern int vips_Y2v_8[256 + 1];
+extern float vips_v2Y_8[256];
+extern int vips_Y2v_16[65536 + 1];
+extern float vips_v2Y_16[65536];
+
+void vips_col_make_tables_RGB_8( void );
+void vips_col_make_tables_RGB_16( void );
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif /*__cplusplus*/
--- a/libvips/colour/sRGB2scRGB.c
+++ b/libvips/colour/sRGB2scRGB.c
@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 * 	- add 16-bit alpha handling
 * 26/2/16
 * 	- look for RGB16 tag, not just ushort, for the 16-bit path
+ * 24/11/17 lovell
+ * 	- special path for 3 and 4 band images
 */

 /*
@ -81,27 +83,41 @@ vips_sRGB2scRGB_line_8( float * restrict q, VipsPel * restrict p,
 {
 	int i, j;

-	for( i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
-		int r = p[0];
-		int g = p[1];
-		int b = p[2];
+	if( extra_bands == 0 ) {
+		for( i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
+			q[0] = vips_v2Y_8[p[0]];
+			q[1] = vips_v2Y_8[p[1]];
+			q[2] = vips_v2Y_8[p[2]];

-		float R, G, B;
+			p += 3;
+			q += 3;
+		}
+	}
+	else if( extra_bands == 1 ) {
+		for( i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
+			q[0] = vips_v2Y_8[p[0]];
+			q[1] = vips_v2Y_8[p[1]];
+			q[2] = vips_v2Y_8[p[2]];
+			q[3] = p[3];

-		p += 3;
+			p += 4;
+			q += 4;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		for( i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
+			q[0] = vips_v2Y_8[p[0]];
+			q[1] = vips_v2Y_8[p[1]];
+			q[2] = vips_v2Y_8[p[2]];

-		vips_col_sRGB2scRGB_8( r, g, b, &R, &G, &B );
+			p += 3;
+			q += 3;

-		q[0] = R;
-		q[1] = G;
-		q[2] = B;
-
-		q += 3;
-
-		for( j = 0; j < extra_bands; j++ ) 
-			q[j] = p[j];
-		p += extra_bands;
-		q += extra_bands;
+			for( j = 0; j < extra_bands; j++ )
+				q[j] = p[j];
+			p += extra_bands;
+			q += extra_bands;
+		}
 	}
 }

@ -113,27 +129,41 @@ vips_sRGB2scRGB_line_16( float * restrict q, unsigned short * restrict p,
 {
 	int i, j;

-	for( i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
-		int r = p[0];
-		int g = p[1];
-		int b = p[2];
+	if( extra_bands == 0 ) {
+		for( i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
+			q[0] = vips_v2Y_16[p[0]];
+			q[1] = vips_v2Y_16[p[1]];
+			q[2] = vips_v2Y_16[p[2]];

-		float R, G, B;
+			p += 3;
+			q += 3;
+		}
+	}
+	else if( extra_bands == 1 ) {
+		for( i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
+			q[0] = vips_v2Y_16[p[0]];
+			q[1] = vips_v2Y_16[p[1]];
+			q[2] = vips_v2Y_16[p[2]];
+			q[3] = p[3] / 256.0;

-		p += 3;
+			p += 4;
+			q += 4;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		for( i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
+			q[0] = vips_v2Y_16[p[0]];
+			q[1] = vips_v2Y_16[p[1]];
+			q[2] = vips_v2Y_16[p[2]];

-		vips_col_sRGB2scRGB_16( r, g, b, &R, &G, &B );
+			p += 3;
+			q += 3;

-		q[0] = R;
-		q[1] = G;
-		q[2] = B;
-
-		q += 3;
-
-		for( j = 0; j < extra_bands; j++ ) 
-			q[j] = p[j] / 256.0; 
-		p += extra_bands;
-		q += extra_bands;
+			for( j = 0; j < extra_bands; j++ )
+				q[j] = p[j] / 256.0;
+			p += extra_bands;
+			q += extra_bands;
+		}
 	}
 }

@ -152,17 +182,28 @@ vips_sRGB2scRGB_gen( VipsRegion *or,

 	VIPS_GATE_START( "vips_sRGB2scRGB_gen: work" ); 

-	for( y = 0; y < r->height; y++ ) {
-		VipsPel *p = VIPS_REGION_ADDR( ir, r->left, r->top + y );
-		float *q = (float *) 
-			VIPS_REGION_ADDR( or, r->left, r->top + y );
+	if( in->BandFmt == VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR ) {
+		vips_col_make_tables_RGB_8();
+
+		for( y = 0; y < r->height; y++ ) {
+			VipsPel *p = VIPS_REGION_ADDR( ir, r->left, r->top + y );
+			float *q = (float *)
+				VIPS_REGION_ADDR( or, r->left, r->top + y );
+
+			vips_sRGB2scRGB_line_8( q, p, in->Bands - 3, r->width );
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		vips_col_make_tables_RGB_16();
+
+		for( y = 0; y < r->height; y++ ) {
+			VipsPel *p = VIPS_REGION_ADDR( ir, r->left, r->top + y );
+			float *q = (float *)
+				VIPS_REGION_ADDR( or, r->left, r->top + y );

-		if( in->BandFmt == VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR )
-			vips_sRGB2scRGB_line_8( q, p, 
-				in->Bands - 3, r->width );
-		else
 			vips_sRGB2scRGB_line_16( q, (unsigned short *) p, 
 				in->Bands - 3, r->width );
+		}
 	}

 	VIPS_GATE_STOP( "vips_sRGB2scRGB_gen: work" ); 
--- a/libvips/conversion/premultiply.c
+++ b/libvips/conversion/premultiply.c
@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 * 	- fix RGBA path
 * 25/5/16
 * 	- max_alpha defaults to 65535 for RGB16/GREY16
+ * 24/11/17 lovell
+ * 	- match normalised alpha to output type
 */

 /*
@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ G_DEFINE_TYPE( VipsPremultiply, vips_premultiply, VIPS_TYPE_CONVERSION );
 	for( x = 0; x < width; x++ ) { \
 		IN alpha = p[bands - 1]; \
 		IN clip_alpha = VIPS_CLIP( 0, alpha, max_alpha ); \
-		double nalpha = (double) clip_alpha / max_alpha; \
+		OUT nalpha = (OUT) clip_alpha / max_alpha; \
 		\
 		for( i = 0; i < bands - 1; i++ ) \
 			q[i] = p[i] * nalpha; \
@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ G_DEFINE_TYPE( VipsPremultiply, vips_premultiply, VIPS_TYPE_CONVERSION );
 	for( x = 0; x < width; x++ ) { \
 		IN alpha = p[3]; \
 		IN clip_alpha = VIPS_CLIP( 0, alpha, max_alpha ); \
-		double nalpha = (double) clip_alpha / max_alpha; \
+		OUT nalpha = (OUT) clip_alpha / max_alpha; \
 		\
 		q[0] = p[0] * nalpha; \
 		q[1] = p[1] * nalpha; \
--- a/libvips/conversion/unpremultiply.c
+++ b/libvips/conversion/unpremultiply.c
@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 *
 * 25/5/16
 * 	- max_alpha defaults to 65535 for RGB16/GREY16
+ * 24/11/17 lovell
+ * 	- match normalised alpha to output type
 */

 /*
@ -75,8 +77,8 @@ G_DEFINE_TYPE( VipsUnpremultiply, vips_unpremultiply, VIPS_TYPE_CONVERSION );
 	\
 	for( x = 0; x < width; x++ ) { \
 		IN alpha = p[bands - 1]; \
-		int clip_alpha = VIPS_CLIP( 0, alpha, max_alpha ); \
-		double nalpha = (double) clip_alpha / max_alpha; \
+		IN clip_alpha = VIPS_CLIP( 0, alpha, max_alpha ); \
+		OUT nalpha = (OUT) clip_alpha / max_alpha; \
 		\
 		if( clip_alpha == 0 ) \
 			for( i = 0; i < bands - 1; i++ ) \
@ -99,8 +101,8 @@ G_DEFINE_TYPE( VipsUnpremultiply, vips_unpremultiply, VIPS_TYPE_CONVERSION );
 	\
 	for( x = 0; x < width; x++ ) { \
 		IN alpha = p[3]; \
-		int clip_alpha = VIPS_CLIP( 0, alpha, max_alpha ); \
-		double nalpha = (double) clip_alpha / max_alpha; \
+		IN clip_alpha = VIPS_CLIP( 0, alpha, max_alpha ); \
+		OUT nalpha = (OUT) clip_alpha / max_alpha; \
 		\
 		if( clip_alpha == 0 ) { \
 			q[0] = 0; \
--- a/libvips/foreign/exif.c
+++ b/libvips/foreign/exif.c
@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ vips__exif_parse( VipsImage *image )
 		return( -1 ); 
 	}

-	/* Make sure all required fields are there before we attach to vips
+	/* Make sure all required fields are there before we attach the vips
 	 * metadata.
 	 */
 	exif_data_fix( ed );
@ -1002,19 +1002,22 @@ vips_exif_update( ExifData *ed, VipsImage *image )

 	VIPS_DEBUG_MSG( "vips_exif_update: \n" );

-	/* Walk the image and update any stuff that's been changed in image
-	 * metadata.
+	/* Walk the image and add any exif- that's set in image metadata.
 	 */
 	vips_image_map( image, vips_exif_image_field, ed );

-	/* Walk the exif and look for any fields which are NOT in image
-	 * metadata. They must have been removed ... remove them from exif as
-	 * well.
+	/* If this exif came from the image (rather than being an exif block we
+	 * have made afresh), then any fields which are in the block but not on
+	 * the image must have been deliberately removed. Remove them from the
+	 * block as well.
 	 */
-	ve.image = image;
-	ve.ed = ed;
-	exif_data_foreach_content( ed, 
-		(ExifDataForeachContentFunc) vips_exif_exif_content, &ve );
+	if( vips_image_get_typeof( image, VIPS_META_EXIF_NAME ) ) {
+		ve.image = image;
+		ve.ed = ed;
+		exif_data_foreach_content( ed, 
+			(ExifDataForeachContentFunc) vips_exif_exif_content, 
+			&ve );
+	}
 }

 /* Examine the metadata tags on the image and update the EXIF block.
--- a/libvips/foreign/jpeg2vips.c
+++ b/libvips/foreign/jpeg2vips.c
@ -514,9 +514,6 @@ read_jpeg_header( ReadJpeg *jpeg, VipsImage *out )
 			(VipsCallbackFn) vips_free, data, data_length );
 	}

-	if( vips__exif_parse( out ) )
-		return( -1 );
-
 	/* Tell downstream we are reading sequentially.
 	 */
 	vips_image_set_area( out, VIPS_META_SEQUENTIAL, NULL, NULL ); 
--- a/libvips/foreign/pforeign.h
+++ b/libvips/foreign/pforeign.h
@ -239,9 +239,6 @@ int vips__openslide_read( const char *filename, VipsImage *out,
 int vips__openslide_read_associated( const char *filename, VipsImage *out, 
 	const char *associated );

-int vips__exif_parse( VipsImage *image );
-int vips__exif_update( VipsImage *image );
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif /*__cplusplus*/
--- a/libvips/foreign/vips2webp.c
+++ b/libvips/foreign/vips2webp.c
@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 #include <string.h>

 #include <vips/vips.h>
+#include <vips/internal.h>

 #include "pforeign.h"

--- a/libvips/foreign/webp2vips.c
+++ b/libvips/foreign/webp2vips.c
@ -269,11 +269,6 @@ read_header( Read *read, VipsImage *out )
 	}

 	WebPMuxDelete( mux ); 
-
-	/* We may have read some exif ... parse into the header.
-	 */
-	if( vips__exif_parse( out ) )
-		return( -1 ); 
 }
 #endif /*HAVE_LIBWEBPMUX*/

--- a/libvips/include/vips/colour.h
+++ b/libvips/include/vips/colour.h
@ -204,6 +204,10 @@ float vips_col_Chcmc2h( float C, float hcmc );

 int vips_col_sRGB2scRGB_8( int r, int g, int b, float *R, float *G, float *B );
 int vips_col_sRGB2scRGB_16( int r, int g, int b, float *R, float *G, float *B );
+int vips_col_sRGB2scRGB_8_noclip( int r, int g, int b, 
+	float *R, float *G, float *B );
+int vips_col_sRGB2scRGB_16_noclip( int r, int g, int b, 
+	float *R, float *G, float *B );

 int vips_col_scRGB2XYZ( float R, float G, float B, 
 	float *X, float *Y, float *Z );
--- a/libvips/include/vips/internal.h
+++ b/libvips/include/vips/internal.h
@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ typedef struct _VipsMeta {
 	GValue value;			/* copy of value */
 } VipsMeta;

+int vips__exif_parse( VipsImage *image );
+int vips__exif_update( VipsImage *image );
+
 void vips_check_init( void );

 void vips__meta_init_types( void );
--- a/libvips/iofuncs/header.c
+++ b/libvips/iofuncs/header.c
@ -962,6 +962,16 @@ vips_image_set( VipsImage *image, const char *name, GValue *value )
 	meta_init( image );
 	(void) meta_new( image, name, value );

+	/* If we're setting an EXIF data block, we need to automatically expand 
+	 * out all the tags. This will set things like xres/yres too.
+	 *
+	 * We do this herfe rather than in meta_new() since we don't want to
+	 * trigger on copy_fields.
+	 */
+	if( strcmp( name, VIPS_META_EXIF_NAME ) == 0 ) 
+		if( vips__exif_parse( image ) ) 
+			g_warning( "image_set: bad exif data" );
+
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	meta_sanity( image );
 #endif /*DEBUG*/
--- a/libvips/resample/resize.c
+++ b/libvips/resample/resize.c
@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 * 	- moved the cache to shrinkv
 * 15/10/17
 * 	- make LINEAR and CUBIC adaptive
+ * 25/11/17
+ * 	- deprecate --centre ... it's now always on, thanks tback
 */

 /*
@ -84,13 +86,13 @@ typedef struct _VipsResize {
 	double scale;
 	double vscale;
 	VipsKernel kernel;
-	gboolean centre;

 	/* Deprecated.
 	 */
 	VipsInterpolate *interpolate;
 	double idx;
 	double idy;
+	gboolean centre;

 } VipsResize;

@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ vips_resize_build( VipsObject *object )
 		g_info( "residual reducev by %g", vscale );
 		if( vips_reducev( in, &t[2], 1.0 / vscale, 
 			"kernel", resize->kernel, 
-			"centre", resize->centre, 
+			"centre", TRUE, 
 			NULL ) )  
 			return( -1 );
 		in = t[2];
@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ vips_resize_build( VipsObject *object )
 			hscale );
 		if( vips_reduceh( in, &t[3], 1.0 / hscale, 
 			"kernel", resize->kernel, 
-			"centre", resize->centre, 
+			"centre", TRUE, 
 			NULL ) )  
 			return( -1 );
 		in = t[3];
@ -235,6 +237,12 @@ vips_resize_build( VipsObject *object )
 	if( hscale > 1.0 ||
 		vscale > 1.0 ) { 
 		const char *nickname = vips_resize_interpolate( resize->kernel );
+
+		/* Input displacement. For centre sampling, shift by 0.5 down
+		 * and right.
+		 */
+		const double id = 0.5;
+
 		VipsInterpolate *interpolate;

 		if( !(interpolate = vips_interpolate_new( nickname )) )
@ -257,6 +265,8 @@ vips_resize_build( VipsObject *object )
 			if( vips_affine( in, &t[4], 
 				hscale, 0.0, 0.0, vscale, 
 				"interpolate", interpolate, 
+				"idx", id, 
+				"idy", id, 
 				NULL ) )  
 				return( -1 );
 			in = t[4];
@ -265,6 +275,8 @@ vips_resize_build( VipsObject *object )
 			g_info( "residual scale %g", hscale );
 			if( vips_affine( in, &t[4], hscale, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 
 				"interpolate", interpolate, 
+				"idx", id, 
+				"idy", id, 
 				NULL ) )  
 				return( -1 );
 			in = t[4];
@ -273,6 +285,8 @@ vips_resize_build( VipsObject *object )
 			g_info( "residual scale %g", vscale );
 			if( vips_affine( in, &t[4], 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, vscale, 
 				"interpolate", interpolate, 
+				"idx", id, 
+				"idy", id, 
 				NULL ) )  
 				return( -1 );
 			in = t[4];
@ -324,13 +338,6 @@ vips_resize_class_init( VipsResizeClass *class )
 		G_STRUCT_OFFSET( VipsResize, kernel ),
 		VIPS_TYPE_KERNEL, VIPS_KERNEL_LANCZOS3 );

-	VIPS_ARG_BOOL( class, "centre", 7, 
-		_( "Centre" ), 
-		_( "Use centre sampling convention" ),
-		VIPS_ARGUMENT_OPTIONAL_INPUT,
-		G_STRUCT_OFFSET( VipsResize, centre ),
-		FALSE );
-
 	/* We used to let people set the input offset so you could pick centre
 	 * or corner interpolation, but it's not clear this was useful. 
 	 */
@ -356,6 +363,15 @@ vips_resize_class_init( VipsResizeClass *class )
 		VIPS_ARGUMENT_OPTIONAL_INPUT | VIPS_ARGUMENT_DEPRECATED, 
 		G_STRUCT_OFFSET( VipsResize, interpolate ) );

+	/* We used to let people pick centre or corner, but it's automatic now.
+	 */
+	VIPS_ARG_BOOL( class, "centre", 7, 
+		_( "Centre" ), 
+		_( "Use centre sampling convention" ),
+		VIPS_ARGUMENT_OPTIONAL_INPUT | VIPS_ARGUMENT_DEPRECATED,
+		G_STRUCT_OFFSET( VipsResize, centre ),
+		FALSE );
+
 }

 static void
@ -375,7 +391,6 @@ vips_resize_init( VipsResize *resize )
 *
 * * @vscale: %gdouble vertical scale factor
 * * @kernel: #VipsKernel to reduce with 
- * * @centre: %gboolean use centre rather than corner sampling convention
 *
 * Resize an image. 
 *
@ -383,17 +398,16 @@ vips_resize_init( VipsResize *resize )
 * image is block-shrunk with vips_shrink(), 
 * then the image is shrunk again to the 
 * target size with vips_reduce(). How much is done by vips_shrink() vs.
- * vips_reduce() varies with the @kernel setting. 
+ * vips_reduce() varies with the @kernel setting. Downsizing is done with
+ * centre convention. 
 *
 * vips_resize() normally uses #VIPS_KERNEL_LANCZOS3 for the final reduce, you
 * can change this with @kernel.
 *
- * Set @centre to use centre rather than corner sampling convention. Centre
- * convention can be useful to match the behaviour of other systems. 
- *
 * When upsizing (@scale > 1), the operation uses vips_affine() with
 * a #VipsInterpolate selected depending on @kernel. It will use
- * #VipsInterpolateBicubic for #VIPS_KERNEL_CUBIC and above.
+ * #VipsInterpolateBicubic for #VIPS_KERNEL_CUBIC and above. It adds a
+ * 0.5 pixel displacement to the input pixels to get centre convention scaling.
 *
 * vips_resize() normally maintains the image aspect ratio. If you set
 * @vscale, that factor is used for the vertical scale and @scale for the
--- a/libvips/resample/thumbnail.c
+++ b/libvips/resample/thumbnail.c
@ -416,11 +416,8 @@ vips_thumbnail_build( VipsObject *object )
 	vips_thumbnail_calculate_shrink( thumbnail, 
 		in->Xsize, in->Ysize, &hshrink, &vshrink );

-	/* Use centre convention to better match imagemagick.
-	 */
 	if( vips_resize( in, &t[4], 1.0 / hshrink, 
 		"vscale", 1.0 / vshrink, 
-		"centre", TRUE, 
 		NULL ) ) 
 		return( -1 );
 	in = t[4];
--- a/libvipsCC/include/vips/vipsc++.h
+++ b/libvipsCC/include/vips/vipsc++.h
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@

 // headers for package arithmetic
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 VImage abs();
 VImage acos();
 VImage add( VImage add_in2 );
@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ VImage tan();

 // headers for package cimg
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 VImage greyc( int greyc_iterations, double greyc_amplitude, double greyc_sharpness, double greyc_anisotropy, double greyc_alpha, double greyc_sigma, double greyc_dl, double greyc_da, double greyc_gauss_prec, int greyc_interpolation, int greyc_fast_approx );
 VImage greyc_mask( VImage greyc_mask_mask, int greyc_mask_iterations, double greyc_mask_amplitude, double greyc_mask_sharpness, double greyc_mask_anisotropy, double greyc_mask_alpha, double greyc_mask_sigma, double greyc_mask_dl, double greyc_mask_da, double greyc_mask_gauss_prec, int greyc_mask_interpolation, int greyc_mask_fast_approx );

 // headers for package colour
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 VImage LCh2Lab();
 VImage LCh2UCS();
 VImage Lab2LCh();
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ VImage sRGB2XYZ();

 // headers for package conversion
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 static VImage gaussnoise( int gaussnoise_xsize, int gaussnoise_ysize, double gaussnoise_mean, double gaussnoise_sigma );
 VImage bandjoin( VImage bandjoin_in2 );
 static VImage black( int black_x_size, int black_y_size, int black_bands );
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ VImage zoom( int zoom_xfac, int zoom_yfac );

 // headers for package convolution
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 VImage aconvsep( VDMask aconvsep_matrix, int aconvsep_n_layers );
 VImage aconv( VDMask aconv_matrix, int aconv_n_layers, int aconv_cluster );
 VImage addgnoise( double addgnoise_sigma );
@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ VImage spcor( VImage spcor_in2 );

 // headers for package deprecated
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 VImage argb2rgba();
 VImage flood_copy( int flood_copy_start_x, int flood_copy_start_y, std::vector<double> flood_copy_ink );
 VImage flood_blob_copy( int flood_blob_copy_start_x, int flood_blob_copy_start_y, std::vector<double> flood_blob_copy_ink );
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ VImage quadratic( VImage quadratic_coeff );

 // headers for package format
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 static VImage csv2vips( char* csv2vips_filename );
 static VImage fits2vips( char* fits2vips_in );
 static VImage jpeg2vips( char* jpeg2vips_in );
@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ void vips2tiff( char* vips2tiff_out );

 // headers for package freq_filt
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 static VImage create_fmask( int create_fmask_width, int create_fmask_height, int create_fmask_type, double create_fmask_p1, double create_fmask_p2, double create_fmask_p3, double create_fmask_p4, double create_fmask_p5 );
 VImage disp_ps();
 VImage flt_image_freq( int flt_image_freq_type, double flt_image_freq_p1, double flt_image_freq_p2, double flt_image_freq_p3, double flt_image_freq_p4, double flt_image_freq_p5 );
@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ VImage invfftr();

 // headers for package histograms_lut
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 VImage gammacorrect( double gammacorrect_exponent );
 VImage heq( int heq_band_number );
 VImage hist( int hist_band_number );
@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ VImage tone_map( VImage tone_map_lut );

 // headers for package inplace
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 void draw_circle( int draw_circle_cx, int draw_circle_cy, int draw_circle_radius, int draw_circle_fill, std::vector<double> draw_circle_ink );
 void draw_rect( int draw_rect_left, int draw_rect_top, int draw_rect_width, int draw_rect_height, int draw_rect_fill, std::vector<double> draw_rect_ink );
 void draw_line( int draw_line_x1, int draw_line_y1, int draw_line_x2, int draw_line_y2, std::vector<double> draw_line_ink );
@ -336,9 +336,10 @@ VImage line( VImage line_mask, VImage line_ink, std::vector<int> line_x1, std::v

 // headers for package iofuncs
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 static VImage binfile( char* binfile_filename, int binfile_width, int binfile_height, int binfile_bands, int binfile_offset );
 VImage cache( int cache_tile_width, int cache_tile_height, int cache_max_tiles );
+VImage tile_cache_random( int tile_cache_random_tile_width, int tile_cache_random_tile_height, int tile_cache_random_max_tiles );
 char* getext();
 int header_get_typeof( char* header_get_typeof_field );
 int header_int( char* header_int_field );
@ -349,11 +350,11 @@ void printdesc();

 // headers for package mask
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017

 // headers for package morphology
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 double cntlines( int cntlines_direction );
 VImage dilate( VIMask dilate_mask );
 VImage rank( int rank_xsize, int rank_ysize, int rank_n );
@ -366,7 +367,7 @@ VImage profile( int profile_direction );

 // headers for package mosaicing
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 VImage align_bands();
 double correl( VImage correl_sec, int correl_xref, int correl_yref, int correl_xsec, int correl_ysec, int correl_hwindowsize, int correl_hsearchsize, int& correl_x, int& correl_y );
 int _find_lroverlap( VImage _find_lroverlap_sec, int _find_lroverlap_bandno, int _find_lroverlap_xr, int _find_lroverlap_yr, int _find_lroverlap_xs, int _find_lroverlap_ys, int _find_lroverlap_halfcorrelation, int _find_lroverlap_halfarea, int& _find_lroverlap_dy0, double& _find_lroverlap_scale1, double& _find_lroverlap_angle1, double& _find_lroverlap_dx1, double& _find_lroverlap_dy1 );
@ -388,7 +389,7 @@ VImage tbmosaic1( VImage tbmosaic1_sec, int tbmosaic1_bandno, int tbmosaic1_xr1,

 // headers for package other
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 VImage benchmark();
 double benchmark2();
 VImage benchmarkn( int benchmarkn_n );
@ -403,7 +404,7 @@ static VImage zone( int zone_size );

 // headers for package resample
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 VImage rightshift_size( int rightshift_size_xshift, int rightshift_size_yshift, int rightshift_size_band_fmt );
 VImage shrink( double shrink_xfac, double shrink_yfac );
 VImage stretch3( double stretch3_xdisp, double stretch3_ydisp );
@ -412,7 +413,7 @@ VImage affinei_all( char* affinei_all_interpolate, double affinei_all_a, double

 // headers for package video
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 static VImage video_test( int video_test_brightness, int video_test_error );
 static VImage video_v4l1( char* video_v4l1_device, int video_v4l1_channel, int video_v4l1_brightness, int video_v4l1_colour, int video_v4l1_contrast, int video_v4l1_hue, int video_v4l1_ngrabs );

--- a/libvipsCC/vipsc++.cc
+++ b/libvipsCC/vipsc++.cc
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@

 // bodies for package arithmetic
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_abs: absolute value
 VImage VImage::abs()
 {
@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ VImage VImage::tan()

 // bodies for package cimg
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_greyc: noise-removing filter
 VImage VImage::greyc( int iterations, double amplitude, double sharpness, double anisotropy, double alpha, double sigma, double dl, double da, double gauss_prec, int interpolation, int fast_approx )
 {
@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ VImage VImage::greyc_mask( VImage mask, int iterations, double amplitude, double

 // bodies for package colour
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_LCh2Lab: convert LCh to Lab
 VImage VImage::LCh2Lab()
 {
@ -1537,7 +1537,7 @@ VImage VImage::sRGB2XYZ()

 // bodies for package conversion
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_gaussnoise: generate image of gaussian noise with specified statistics
 VImage VImage::gaussnoise( int xsize, int ysize, double mean, double sigma )
 {
@ -2321,7 +2321,7 @@ VImage VImage::zoom( int xfac, int yfac )

 // bodies for package convolution
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_aconvsep: approximate separable convolution
 VImage VImage::aconvsep( VDMask matrix, int n_layers )
 {
@ -2624,7 +2624,7 @@ VImage VImage::spcor( VImage in2 )

 // bodies for package deprecated
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_argb2rgba: convert pre-multipled argb to png-style rgba
 VImage VImage::argb2rgba()
 {
@ -4116,7 +4116,7 @@ VImage VImage::quadratic( VImage coeff )

 // bodies for package format
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_csv2vips: read a file in csv format
 VImage VImage::csv2vips( char* filename )
 {
@ -4323,7 +4323,7 @@ void VImage::vips2tiff( char* out )

 // bodies for package freq_filt
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_create_fmask: create frequency domain filter mask
 VImage VImage::create_fmask( int width, int height, int type, double p1, double p2, double p3, double p4, double p5 )
 {
@ -4491,7 +4491,7 @@ VImage VImage::invfftr()

 // bodies for package histograms_lut
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_gammacorrect: gamma-correct image
 VImage VImage::gammacorrect( double exponent )
 {
@ -4938,7 +4938,7 @@ VImage VImage::tone_map( VImage lut )

 // bodies for package inplace
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_draw_circle: draw circle on image
 void VImage::draw_circle( int cx, int cy, int radius, int fill, std::vector<double> ink )
 {
@ -5136,7 +5136,7 @@ VImage VImage::line( VImage mask, VImage ink, std::vector<int> x1, std::vector<i

 // bodies for package iofuncs
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_binfile: open a headerless binary file
 VImage VImage::binfile( char* filename, int width, int height, int bands, int offset )
 {
@ -5173,6 +5173,24 @@ VImage VImage::cache( int tile_width, int tile_height, int max_tiles )
 	return( out );
 }

+// im_tile_cache_random: cache results of an operation
+VImage VImage::tile_cache_random( int tile_width, int tile_height, int max_tiles )
+{
+	VImage in = *this;
+	VImage out;
+
+	Vargv _vec( "im_tile_cache_random" );
+
+	_vec.data(0) = in.image();
+	_vec.data(1) = out.image();
+	*((int*) _vec.data(2)) = tile_width;
+	*((int*) _vec.data(3)) = tile_height;
+	*((int*) _vec.data(4)) = max_tiles;
+	_vec.call();
+
+	return( out );
+}
+
 // im_getext: return the image metadata XML as a string
 char* VImage::getext()
 {
@ -5280,11 +5298,11 @@ void VImage::printdesc()

 // bodies for package mask
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017

 // bodies for package morphology
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_cntlines: count horizontal or vertical lines
 double VImage::cntlines( int direction )
 {
@ -5445,7 +5463,7 @@ VImage VImage::profile( int direction )

 // bodies for package mosaicing
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_align_bands: align the bands of an image
 VImage VImage::align_bands()
 {
@ -5878,7 +5896,7 @@ VImage VImage::tbmosaic1( VImage sec, int bandno, int xr1, int yr1, int xs1, int

 // bodies for package other
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_benchmark: do something complicated for testing
 VImage VImage::benchmark()
 {
@ -6052,7 +6070,7 @@ VImage VImage::zone( int size )

 // bodies for package resample
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_rightshift_size: decrease size by a power-of-two factor
 VImage VImage::rightshift_size( int xshift, int yshift, int band_fmt )
 {
@ -6163,7 +6181,7 @@ VImage VImage::affinei_all( char* interpolate, double a, double b, double c, dou

 // bodies for package video
 // this file automatically generated from
-// VIPS library 7.34.0-Tue Jun 11 11:18:24 BST 2013
+// VIPS library 8.6.0-Sun Nov 26 17:45:39 GMT 2017
 // im_video_test: test video grabber
 VImage VImage::video_test( int brightness, int error )
 {
--- a/tools/vips.c
+++ b/tools/vips.c
@ -40,6 +40,8 @@
 * 	- don't wrap im_remainderconst_vec()
 * 31/12/12
 * 	- parse options in two passes (thanks Haida)
+ * 26/11/17
+ * 	- remove throw() decls, they are now deprecated everywhere
 */

 /*
@ -574,7 +576,7 @@ c2cpp_name( const char *in, char *out )
 /* Print prototype for a function (ie. will be followed by code). 
 *
 * Eg.:
- *	VImage VImage::lin( double a, double b ) throw( VError )
+ *	VImage VImage::lin( double a, double b ) 
 */
 static void *
 print_cppproto( im_function *fn )
@ -641,7 +643,7 @@ print_cppproto( im_function *fn )
 	 */
 	if( flg )
 		printf( " " );
-	printf( ") throw( VError )\n" );
+	printf( ")\n" );

 	return( NULL );
 }
@ -649,7 +651,7 @@ print_cppproto( im_function *fn )
 /* Print cpp decl for a function. 
 *
 * Eg.
- *	VImage lin( double, double ) throw( VError );
+ *	VImage lin( double, double ) 
 */
 static void *
 print_cppdecl( im_function *fn )
@ -728,7 +730,7 @@ print_cppdecl( im_function *fn )
 	if( flg )
 		printf( " " );

-	printf( ") throw( VError );\n" );
+	printf( ");\n" );

 	return( NULL );
 }