nuttx-apps/fsutils/mkfatfs/mkfatfs.c

/****************************************************************************
 * apps/fsutils/mkfatfs/writefat.c
 *
 *   Copyright (C) 2008-2009, 2013, 2017 Gregory Nutt. All rights reserved.
 *   Author: Gregory Nutt <gnutt@nuttx.org>
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name NuttX nor the names of its contributors may be
 *    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
 * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
 * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

/****************************************************************************
 * Included Files
 ****************************************************************************/

#include <nuttx/config.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <debug.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>

#include "fsutils/mkfatfs.h"
#include "fat32.h"
#include "mkfatfs.h"

/****************************************************************************
 * Private Functions
 ****************************************************************************/

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: fat_systime2fattime
 *
 * Description:
 *   Get the system time convert to a time and and date suitable for
 *   writing into the FAT FS.
 *
 *    TIME in LS 16-bits:
 *      Bits 0:4   = 2 second count (0-29 representing 0-58 seconds)
 *      Bits 5-10  = minutes (0-59)
 *      Bits 11-15 = hours (0-23)
 *    DATE in MS 16-bits
 *      Bits 0:4   = Day of month (1-31)
 *      Bits 5:8   = Month of year (1-12)
 *      Bits 9:15  = Year from 1980 (0-127 representing 1980-2107)
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

static uint32_t fat_systime2fattime(void)
{
  /* Unless you have a hardware RTC or some other to get accurate time, then
   * there is no reason to support FAT time.
   */

#ifdef CONFIG_FS_FATTIME
  struct timespec ts;
  struct tm tm;
  int ret;

  /* Get the current time in seconds and nanoseconds */

  ret = clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
  if (ret == OK)
    {
      /* Break done the seconds in date and time units */

      if (gmtime_r((FAR const time_t *)&ts.tv_sec, &tm) != NULL)
        {
          /* FAT can only represent dates since 1980.  struct tm can
           * represent dates since 1900.
           */

          if (tm.tm_year >= 80)
            {
              uint16_t fattime;
              uint16_t fatdate;

              fattime  = (tm.tm_sec       >>  1) & 0x001f; /* Bits 0-4: 2 second count (0-29) */
              fattime |= (tm.tm_min       <<  5) & 0x07e0; /* Bits 5-10: minutes (0-59) */
              fattime |= (tm.tm_hour      << 11) & 0xf800; /* Bits 11-15: hours (0-23) */

              fatdate  =  tm.tm_mday             & 0x001f; /* Bits 0-4: Day of month (1-31) */
              fatdate |= ((tm.tm_mon+1)   <<  5) & 0x01e0; /* Bits 5-8: Month of year (1-12) */
              fatdate |= ((tm.tm_year-80) <<  9) & 0xfe00; /* Bits 9-15: Year from 1980 */

              return (uint32_t)fatdate << 16 | (uint32_t)fattime;
            }
        }
    }
#endif

  return 0;
}

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: mkfatfs_getgeometry
 *
 * Description:
 *   Get the sector size and number of sectors of the underlying block
 *   device.
 *
 * Input:
 *   fmt - Caller specified format parameters
 *   var - Other format parameters that are not caller specifiable. (Most
 *     set by mkfatfs_configfatfs()).
 *
 * Return:
 *   Zero on success; negated errno on failure
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

static inline int mkfatfs_getgeometry(FAR struct fat_format_s *fmt,
                                      FAR struct fat_var_s *var)
{
  struct geometry geometry;
  int ret;

  /* Get the geometry of the underlying device */

  ret = ioctl(var->fv_fd, BIOC_GEOMETRY,
              (unsigned long)((uintptr_t)&geometry));
  if (ret < 0)
    {
      ferr("ERROR: geometry() returned %d\n", ret);
      return ret;
    }

  if (!geometry.geo_available || !geometry.geo_writeenabled)
    {
      ferr("ERROR: Media is not available\n", ret);
      return -ENODEV;
    }

  /* Check if the user provided maxblocks was provided and, if so, that is it less than
   * the actual number of blocks on the device.
   */

  if (fmt->ff_nsectors != 0)
    {
      if (fmt->ff_nsectors > geometry.geo_nsectors)
        {
          ferr("ERROR: User maxblocks (%d) exceeds blocks on device (%d)\n",
               fmt->ff_nsectors, geometry.geo_nsectors);

          return -EINVAL;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      /* Use the actual number of blocks on the device */

      fmt->ff_nsectors = geometry.geo_nsectors;
    }

  /* Verify that we can handle this sector size */

  var->fv_sectorsize = geometry.geo_sectorsize;
  switch (var->fv_sectorsize)
    {
      case 512:
        var->fv_sectshift = 9;
        break;

      case 1024:
        var->fv_sectshift = 10;
        break;

      case 2048:
        var->fv_sectshift = 11;
        break;

      case 4096:
        var->fv_sectshift = 12;
        break;

      default:
        ferr("ERROR: Unsupported sector size: %d\n", var->fv_sectorsize);
        return -EPERM;
    }

  return 0;
}

/****************************************************************************
 * Public Functions
 ****************************************************************************/

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: mkfatfs
 *
 * Description:
 *   Make a FAT file system image on the specified block device.  This
 *   function can automatically format a FAT12 or FAT16 file system.  By
 *   tradition, FAT32 will only be selected is explicitly requested.
 *
 * Inputs:
 *   pathname - the full path to a registered block driver
 *   fmt - Describes characteristics of the desired filesystem
 *
 * Return:
 *   Zero (OK) on success; -1 (ERROR) on failure with errno set appropriately:
 *
 *   EINVAL  - NULL block driver string, bad number of FATS in 'fmt', bad FAT
 *     size in 'fmt', bad cluster size in 'fmt'
 *   ENOENT  - 'pathname' does not refer to anything in the filesystem.
 *   ENOTBLK - 'pathname' does not refer to a block driver
 *   EACCES  - block driver does not support wrie or geometry methods
 *
 * Assumptions:
 *   - The caller must assure that the block driver is not mounted and not in
 *     use when this function is called.  The result of formatting a mounted
 *     device is indeterminate (but likely not good).
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

int mkfatfs(FAR const char *pathname, FAR struct fat_format_s *fmt)
{
  struct fat_var_s var;
  int ret;

  /* Initialize */

  memset(&var, 0, sizeof(struct fat_var_s));

  /* Get the filesystem creation time */

  var.fv_createtime = fat_systime2fattime();

  /* Verify format options (only when DEBUG enabled) */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FEATURES
  if (!pathname)
    {
      ferr("ERROR: No block driver path\n");
      ret = -EINVAL;
      goto errout;
    }

  if (fmt->ff_nfats < 1 || fmt->ff_nfats > 4)
    {
      ferr("ERROR: Invalid number of fats: %d\n", fmt->ff_nfats);
      ret = -EINVAL;
      goto errout;
    }

  if (fmt->ff_fattype != 0  && fmt->ff_fattype != 12 &&
      fmt->ff_fattype != 16 && fmt->ff_fattype != 32)
    {
      ferr("ERROR: Invalid FAT size: %d\n", fmt->ff_fattype);
      ret = -EINVAL;
      goto errout;
    }
#endif

  /* 0 will auto-selected by FAT12 and FAT16 (only).  Otherwise,
   * fv_fattype will specify the exact format to use.
   */

  var.fv_fattype = fmt->ff_fattype;

  /* The valid range off ff_clustshift is {0,1,..7} corresponding to
   * cluster sizes of {1,2,..128} sectors.  The special value of 0xff
   * means that we should autoselect the cluster sizel.
   */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FEATURES
  if (fmt->ff_clustshift > 7 && fmt->ff_clustshift != 0xff)
    {
      ferr("ERROR: Invalid cluster shift value: %d\n", fmt->ff_clustshift);

      ret = -EINVAL;
      goto errout;
    }

   if (fmt->ff_rootdirentries != 0 &&
       (fmt->ff_rootdirentries < 16 || fmt->ff_rootdirentries > 32767))
    {
      ferr("ERROR: Invalid number of root dir entries: %d\n",
           fmt->ff_rootdirentries);

      ret = -EINVAL;
      goto errout;
    }

   if (fmt->ff_rsvdseccount != 0 && (fmt->ff_rsvdseccount < 1 ||
       fmt->ff_rsvdseccount > 32767))
    {
      ferr("ERROR: Invalid number of reserved sectors: %d\n",
           fmt->ff_rsvdseccount);

      ret = -EINVAL;
      goto errout;
    }
#endif

  /* Find the inode of the block driver indentified by 'source' */

  var.fv_fd = open(pathname, O_RDWR);
  if (var.fv_fd < 0)
    {
      ret = -errno;
      ferr("ERROR: Failed to open %s: %d\n", pathname, ret);
      goto errout;
    }

  /* Determine the volume configuration based upon the input values and upon the
   * reported device geometry.
   */

  ret = mkfatfs_getgeometry(fmt, &var);
  if (ret < 0)
    {
      goto errout_with_driver;
    }

  /* Configure the file system */

  ret = mkfatfs_configfatfs(fmt, &var);
  if (ret < 0)
    {
      goto errout_with_driver;
    }

  /* Allocate a buffer that will be working sector memory */

  var.fv_sect = (FAR uint8_t *)malloc(var.fv_sectorsize);
  if (!var.fv_sect)
    {
      ferr("ERROR: Failed to allocate working buffers\n");
      goto errout_with_driver;
    }

  /* Write the filesystem to media */

  ret = mkfatfs_writefatfs(fmt, &var);

errout_with_driver:
  /* Close the driver */

  (void)close(var.fv_fd);

errout:
  /* Release all allocated memory */

  if (var.fv_sect)
    {
      free(var.fv_sect);
    }

  /* Return any reported errors */

  if (ret < 0)
    {
      set_errno(-ret);
      return ERROR;
    }

  return OK;
}