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nuttx-apps/netutils/webclient/webclient.c

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/****************************************************************************
* netutils/webclient/webclient.c
* Implementation of the HTTP client.
*
* Copyright (C) 2007, 2009, 2011-2012, 2014, 2020 Gregory Nutt.
* All rights reserved.
* Author: Gregory Nutt <gnutt@nuttx.org>
*
* Based on uIP which also has a BSD style license:
*
* Author: Adam Dunkels <adam@dunkels.com>
* Copyright (c) 2002, Adam Dunkels.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
* disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
* with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
* products derived from this software without specific prior
* written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
* GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
****************************************************************************/
/* This example shows a HTTP client that is able to download web pages
* and files from web servers. It requires a number of callback
* functions to be implemented by the module that utilizes the code:
* webclient_datahandler().
*/
/****************************************************************************
* Included Files
****************************************************************************/
#include <nuttx/config.h>
#include <nuttx/compiler.h>
#include <debug.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <nuttx/version.h>
#include "netutils/netlib.h"
#include "netutils/webclient.h"
#if defined(CONFIG_NETUTILS_CODECS)
# if defined(CONFIG_CODECS_URLCODE)
# define WGET_USE_URLENCODE 1
# include "netutils/urldecode.h"
# endif
# if defined(CONFIG_CODECS_BASE64)
# include "netutils/base64.h"
# endif
#else
# undef CONFIG_CODECS_URLCODE
# undef CONFIG_CODECS_BASE64
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_NSH_WGET_USERAGENT
# if CONFIG_VERSION_MAJOR != 0 || CONFIG_VERSION_MINOR != 0
# define CONFIG_NSH_WGET_USERAGENT \
"NuttX/" CONFIG_VERSION_STRING " (; http://www.nuttx.org/)"
# else
# define CONFIG_NSH_WGET_USERAGENT \
"NuttX/6.xx.x (; http://www.nuttx.org/)"
# endif
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Pre-processor Definitions
****************************************************************************/
#ifndef CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_TIMEOUT
# define CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_TIMEOUT 10
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAX_REDIRECT
/* The default value 50 is taken from curl's --max-redirs option. */
# define CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAX_REDIRECT 50
#endif
#define WEBCLIENT_STATE_STATUSLINE 0
#define WEBCLIENT_STATE_HEADERS 1
#define WEBCLIENT_STATE_DATA 2
#define WEBCLIENT_STATE_CLOSE 3
#define HTTPSTATUS_NONE 0
#define HTTPSTATUS_OK 1
#define HTTPSTATUS_MOVED 2
#define HTTPSTATUS_ERROR 3
#define ISO_NL 0x0a
#define ISO_CR 0x0d
#define ISO_SPACE 0x20
#define WGET_MODE_GET 0
#define WGET_MODE_POST 1
/****************************************************************************
* Private Types
****************************************************************************/
struct wget_s
{
/* Internal status */
uint8_t state;
uint8_t httpstatus;
uint16_t port; /* The port number to use in the connection */
/* These describe the just-received buffer of data */
FAR char *buffer; /* user-provided buffer */
int buflen; /* Length of the user provided buffer */
int offset; /* Offset to the beginning of interesting data */
int datend; /* Offset+1 to the last valid byte of data in the buffer */
/* Buffer HTTP header data and parse line at a time */
char line[CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAXHTTPLINE];
int ndx;
#ifdef CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_GETMIMETYPE
char mimetype[CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAXMIMESIZE];
#endif
char scheme[sizeof("https") + 1];
char hostname[CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAXHOSTNAME];
char filename[CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAXFILENAME];
};
/****************************************************************************
* Private Data
****************************************************************************/
static const char g_http10[] = "HTTP/1.0";
static const char g_http11[] = "HTTP/1.1";
#ifdef CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_GETMIMETYPE
static const char g_httpcontenttype[] = "content-type: ";
#endif
static const char g_httphost[] = "host: ";
static const char g_httplocation[] = "location: ";
static const char g_httpget[] = "GET ";
static const char g_httppost[] = "POST ";
static const char g_httpuseragentfields[] =
"Connection: close\r\n"
"User-Agent: "
CONFIG_NSH_WGET_USERAGENT
"\r\n\r\n";
static const char g_http200[] = "200 ";
static const char g_http301[] = "301 ";
static const char g_http302[] = "302 ";
static const char g_httpcrnl[] = "\r\n";
static const char g_httpform[] = "Content-Type: "
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
static const char g_httpcontsize[] = "Content-Length: ";
#if 0
static const char g_httpconn[] = "Connection: Keep-Alive";
static const char g_httpcache[] = "Cache-Control: no-cache";
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Private Functions
****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************
* Name: wget_strcpy
****************************************************************************/
static char *wget_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src)
{
int len = strlen(src);
memcpy(dest, src, len);
dest[len] = '\0';
return dest + len;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: wget_urlencode_strcpy
****************************************************************************/
#ifdef WGET_USE_URLENCODE
static char *wget_urlencode_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src)
{
int len = strlen(src);
int d_len;
d_len = urlencode_len(src, len);
urlencode(src, len, dest, &d_len);
return dest + d_len;
}
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Name: wget_parsestatus
****************************************************************************/
static inline int wget_parsestatus(struct wget_s *ws)
{
int offset;
int ndx;
char *dest;
offset = ws->offset;
ndx = ws->ndx;
while (offset < ws->datend)
{
ws->line[ndx] = ws->buffer[offset];
if (ws->line[ndx] == ISO_NL)
{
ws->line[ndx] = '\0';
if ((strncmp(ws->line, g_http10, strlen(g_http10)) == 0) ||
(strncmp(ws->line, g_http11, strlen(g_http11)) == 0))
{
dest = &(ws->line[9]);
ws->httpstatus = HTTPSTATUS_NONE;
/* Check for 200 OK */
if (strncmp(dest, g_http200, strlen(g_http200)) == 0)
{
ws->httpstatus = HTTPSTATUS_OK;
}
/* Check for 301 Moved permanently or 302 Found.
* Location: header line will contain the new location.
*/
else if (strncmp(dest, g_http301, strlen(g_http301)) == 0 ||
strncmp(dest, g_http302, strlen(g_http302)) == 0)
{
ws->httpstatus = HTTPSTATUS_MOVED;
}
}
else
{
return - ECONNABORTED;
}
/* We're done parsing the status line, so start parsing
* the HTTP headers.
*/
ws->state = WEBCLIENT_STATE_HEADERS;
break;
}
else
{
offset++;
ndx++;
}
}
ws->offset = offset;
ws->ndx = ndx;
return OK;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: parseurl
****************************************************************************/
static int parseurl(FAR const char *url, FAR struct wget_s *ws)
{
struct url_s url_s;
int ret;
memset(&url_s, 0, sizeof(url_s));
url_s.scheme = ws->scheme;
url_s.schemelen = sizeof(ws->scheme);
url_s.host = ws->hostname;
url_s.hostlen = sizeof(ws->hostname);
url_s.path = ws->filename;
url_s.pathlen = sizeof(ws->filename);
ret = netlib_parseurl(url, &url_s);
if (ret < 0)
{
return ret;
}
if (url_s.port == 0)
{
ws->port = 80;
}
else
{
ws->port = url_s.port;
}
return 0;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: wget_parseheaders
****************************************************************************/
static inline int wget_parseheaders(struct wget_s *ws)
{
int offset;
int ndx;
int ret = OK;
offset = ws->offset;
ndx = ws->ndx;
while (offset < ws->datend)
{
ws->line[ndx] = ws->buffer[offset];
if (ws->line[ndx] == ISO_NL)
{
/* We have an entire HTTP header line in s.line, so
* we parse it.
*/
if (ndx > 0) /* Should always be true */
{
if (ws->line[0] == ISO_CR)
{
/* This was the last header line (i.e., and empty "\r\n"),
* so we are done with the headers and proceed with the
* actual data.
*/
ws->state = WEBCLIENT_STATE_DATA;
goto exit;
}
/* Truncate the trailing \r\n */
ws->line[ndx - 1] = '\0';
/* Check for specific HTTP header fields. */
#ifdef CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_GETMIMETYPE
if (strncasecmp(ws->line, g_httpcontenttype,
strlen(g_httpcontenttype)) == 0)
{
/* Found Content-type field. */
char *dest = strchr(ws->line, ';');
if (dest != NULL)
{
*dest = 0;
}
strncpy(ws->mimetype, ws->line + strlen(g_httpcontenttype),
sizeof(ws->mimetype));
}
else
#endif
if (strncasecmp(ws->line, g_httplocation,
strlen(g_httplocation)) == 0)
{
/* Parse the new host and filename from the URL.
*/
ninfo("Redirect to location: '%s'\n",
ws->line + strlen(g_httplocation));
ret = parseurl(ws->line + strlen(g_httplocation), ws);
ninfo("New hostname='%s' filename='%s'\n",
ws->hostname, ws->filename);
}
}
/* We're done parsing this line, so we reset the index to the start
* of the next line.
*/
ndx = 0;
}
else
{
ndx++;
}
offset++;
}
exit:
ws->offset = ++offset;
ws->ndx = ndx;
return ret;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: wget_gethostip
*
* Description:
* Call getaddrinfo() to get the IPv4 address associated with a hostname.
*
* Input Parameters
* hostname - The host name to use in the nslookup.
*
* Output Parameters
* dest - The location to return the IPv4 address.
*
* Returned Value:
* Zero (OK) on success; ERROR on failure.
*
****************************************************************************/
static int wget_gethostip(FAR char *hostname, FAR struct in_addr *dest)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_LIBC_NETDB
FAR struct addrinfo hint;
FAR struct addrinfo *info;
FAR struct sockaddr_in *addr;
memset(&hint, 0, sizeof(hint));
hint.ai_family = AF_INET;
if (getaddrinfo(hostname, NULL, &hint, &info) != OK)
{
return ERROR;
}
addr = (FAR struct sockaddr_in *)info->ai_addr;
memcpy(dest, &addr->sin_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr));
freeaddrinfo(info);
return OK;
#else
/* No host name support */
/* Convert strings to numeric IPv4 address */
int ret = inet_pton(AF_INET, hostname, dest);
/* The inet_pton() function returns 1 if the conversion succeeds. It will
* return 0 if the input is not a valid IPv4 dotted-decimal string or -1
* with errno set to EAFNOSUPPORT if the address family argument is
* unsupported.
*/
return (ret > 0) ? OK : ERROR;
#endif
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: wget_base
*
* Description:
* Obtain the requested file from an HTTP server using the GET method.
*
* Input Parameters
* url - A pointer to a string containing either the full URL to
* the file to get (e.g., http://www.nutt.org/index.html, or
* http://192.168.23.1:80/index.html).
* buffer - A user provided buffer to receive the file data (also
* used for the outgoing GET request
* buflen - The size of the user provided buffer
* callback - As data is obtained from the host, this function is
* to dispose of each block of file data as it is received.
* arg - User argument passed to callback.
* mode - Indicates GET or POST modes
*
* Returned Value:
* 0: if the GET operation completed successfully;
* -1: On a failure with errno set appropriately
*
****************************************************************************/
static int wget_base(FAR const char *url, FAR char *buffer, int buflen,
wget_callback_t callback, FAR void *arg,
FAR const char *posts, uint8_t mode)
{
struct sockaddr_in server;
struct wget_s *ws;
struct timeval tv;
bool redirected;
unsigned int nredirect = 0;
char *dest;
int sockfd;
int len;
int ret;
/* Initialize the state structure */
ws = calloc(1, sizeof(struct wget_s));
if (!ws)
{
return ERROR;
}
ws->buffer = buffer;
ws->buflen = buflen;
/* Parse the hostname (with optional port number) and filename
* from the URL.
*/
ret = parseurl(url, ws);
if (ret != 0)
{
nwarn("WARNING: Malformed URL: %s\n", url);
free(ws);
errno = -ret;
return ERROR;
}
ninfo("hostname='%s' filename='%s'\n", ws->hostname, ws->filename);
/* The following sequence may repeat indefinitely if we are redirected */
do
{
if (strcmp(ws->scheme, "http"))
{
nerr("ERROR: unsupported scheme: %s\n", ws->scheme);
free(ws);
return ERROR;
}
/* Re-initialize portions of the state structure that could have
* been left from the previous time through the loop and should not
* persist with the new connection.
*/
ws->httpstatus = HTTPSTATUS_NONE;
ws->offset = 0;
ws->datend = 0;
ws->ndx = 0;
/* Create a socket */
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0)
{
/* socket failed. It will set the errno appropriately */
nerr("ERROR: socket failed: %d\n", errno);
free(ws);
return ERROR;
}
/* Set send and receive timeout values */
tv.tv_sec = CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_TIMEOUT;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (FAR const void *)&tv,
sizeof(struct timeval));
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (FAR const void *)&tv,
sizeof(struct timeval));
/* Get the server address from the host name */
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_port = htons(ws->port);
ret = wget_gethostip(ws->hostname, &server.sin_addr);
if (ret < 0)
{
/* Could not resolve host (or malformed IP address) */
nwarn("WARNING: Failed to resolve hostname\n");
ret = -EHOSTUNREACH;
goto errout_with_errno;
}
/* Connect to server. First we have to set some fields in the
* 'server' address structure. The system will assign me an arbitrary
* local port that is not in use.
*/
ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
if (ret < 0)
{
nerr("ERROR: connect failed: %d\n", errno);
goto errout;
}
/* Send the GET request */
dest = ws->buffer;
if (mode == WGET_MODE_POST)
{
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httppost);
}
else
{
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httpget);
}
#ifndef WGET_USE_URLENCODE
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, ws->filename);
#else
/* TODO: should we use wget_urlencode_strcpy? */
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, ws->filename);
#endif
*dest++ = ISO_SPACE;
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_http10);
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httpcrnl);
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httphost);
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, ws->hostname);
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httpcrnl);
if (mode == WGET_MODE_POST)
{
int post_len;
char post_size[8];
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httpform);
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httpcrnl);
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httpcontsize);
/* Post content size */
post_len = strlen((char *)posts);
sprintf(post_size, "%d", post_len);
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, post_size);
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httpcrnl);
}
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, g_httpuseragentfields);
if (mode == WGET_MODE_POST)
{
dest = wget_strcpy(dest, (char *)posts);
}
len = dest - buffer;
ret = send(sockfd, buffer, len, 0);
if (ret < 0)
{
nerr("ERROR: send failed: %d\n", errno);
goto errout;
}
/* Now loop to get the file sent in response to the GET. This
* loop continues until either we read the end of file (nbytes == 0)
* or until we detect that we have been redirected.
*/
ws->state = WEBCLIENT_STATE_STATUSLINE;
redirected = false;
for (; ; )
{
ws->datend = recv(sockfd, ws->buffer, ws->buflen, 0);
if (ws->datend < 0)
{
nerr("ERROR: recv failed: %d\n", errno);
ret = ws->datend;
goto errout_with_errno;
}
else if (ws->datend == 0)
{
ninfo("Connection lost\n");
close(sockfd);
break;
}
/* Handle initial parsing of the status line */
ws->offset = 0;
if (ws->state == WEBCLIENT_STATE_STATUSLINE)
{
ret = wget_parsestatus(ws);
if (ret < 0)
{
goto errout_with_errno;
}
}
/* Parse the HTTP data */
if (ws->state == WEBCLIENT_STATE_HEADERS)
{
ret = wget_parseheaders(ws);
if (ret < 0)
{
goto errout_with_errno;
}
}
/* Dispose of the data payload */
if (ws->state == WEBCLIENT_STATE_DATA)
{
if (ws->httpstatus != HTTPSTATUS_MOVED)
{
/* Let the client decide what to do with the
* received file.
*/
callback(&ws->buffer, ws->offset, ws->datend,
&buflen, arg);
}
else
{
redirected = true;
nredirect++;
if (nredirect > CONFIG_WEBCLIENT_MAX_REDIRECT)
{
nerr("ERROR: too many redirects (%u)\n", nredirect);
goto errout;
}
close(sockfd);
break;
}
}
}
}
while (redirected);
free(ws);
return OK;
errout_with_errno:
errno = -ret;
errout:
close(sockfd);
free(ws);
return ERROR;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Public Functions
****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************
* Name: web_post_str
****************************************************************************/
#ifdef WGET_USE_URLENCODE
char *web_post_str(FAR char *buffer, int *size, FAR char *name,
FAR char *value)
{
char *dst = buffer;
buffer = wget_strcpy(buffer, name);
buffer = wget_strcpy(buffer, "=");
buffer = wget_urlencode_strcpy(buffer, value);
*size = buffer - dst;
return dst;
}
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Name: web_post_strlen
****************************************************************************/
#ifdef WGET_USE_URLENCODE
int web_post_strlen(FAR char *name, FAR char *value)
{
return strlen(name) + urlencode_len(value, strlen(value)) + 1;
}
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Name: web_posts_str
****************************************************************************/
#ifdef WGET_USE_URLENCODE
char *web_posts_str(FAR char *buffer, int *size, FAR char **name,
FAR char **value, int len)
{
char *dst = buffer;
int wlen;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
if (i > 0)
{
buffer = wget_strcpy(buffer, "&");
}
wlen = *size;
buffer = web_post_str(buffer, &wlen, name[i], value[i]);
buffer += wlen;
}
*size = buffer - dst;
return dst;
}
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Name: web_posts_strlen
****************************************************************************/
#ifdef WGET_USE_URLENCODE
int web_posts_strlen(FAR char **name, FAR char **value, int len)
{
int wlen = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
wlen += web_post_strlen(name[i], value[i]);
}
return wlen + len - 1;
}
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Name: wget
*
* Description:
* Obtain the requested file from an HTTP server using the GET method.
*
* Input Parameters
* url - A pointer to a string containing either the full URL to
* the file to get (e.g., http://www.nutt.org/index.html, or
* http://192.168.23.1:80/index.html).
* buffer - A user provided buffer to receive the file data (also
* used for the outgoing GET request
* buflen - The size of the user provided buffer
* callback - As data is obtained from the host, this function is
* to dispose of each block of file data as it is received.
* arg - User argument passed to callback.
*
* Returned Value:
* 0: if the GET operation completed successfully;
* -1: On a failure with errno set appropriately
*
****************************************************************************/
int wget(FAR const char *url, FAR char *buffer, int buflen,
wget_callback_t callback, FAR void *arg)
{
return wget_base(url, buffer, buflen, callback, arg, NULL, WGET_MODE_GET);
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: wget_post
****************************************************************************/
int wget_post(FAR const char *url, FAR const char *posts, FAR char *buffer,
int buflen, wget_callback_t callback, FAR void *arg)
{
return wget_base(url, buffer, buflen, callback, arg, posts,
WGET_MODE_POST);
}
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