nuttx/drivers/mtd/sector512.c

/************************************************************************************
 * drivers/mtd/sector512.c
 * MTD driver that contains another MTD driver and converts a larger sector size
 * to a standard 512 byte sector size.
 *
 *   Copyright (C) 2014 Gregory Nutt. All rights reserved.
 *   Author: Gregory Nutt <gnutt@nuttx.org>
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name NuttX nor the names of its contributors may be
 *    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
 * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
 * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 ************************************************************************************/

/************************************************************************************
 * Included Files
 ************************************************************************************/

#include <nuttx/config.h>

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <debug.h>

#include <nuttx/kmalloc.h>
#include <nuttx/fs/ioctl.h>
#include <nuttx/mtd/mtd.h>

/************************************************************************************
 * Pre-processor Definitions
 ************************************************************************************/
/* Configuration */

#ifndef CONFIG_MTD_SECT512_ERASED_STATE
#  define CONFIG_MTD_SECT512_ERASED_STATE 0xff
#endif

/* 512-byte sector constants */

#define SECTOR_512                512
#define SHIFT_512                 9
#define MASK_512                  511

/* Cache flags */

#define SST25_CACHE_VALID         (1 << 0)    /* 1=Cache has valid data */
#define SST25_CACHE_DIRTY         (1 << 1)    /* 1=Cache is dirty */
#define SST25_CACHE_ERASED        (1 << 2)    /* 1=Backing FLASH is erased */

#define IS_VALID(p)               ((((p)->flags) & SST25_CACHE_VALID) != 0)
#define IS_DIRTY(p)               ((((p)->flags) & SST25_CACHE_DIRTY) != 0)
#define IS_ERASED(p)              ((((p)->flags) & SST25_CACHE_DIRTY) != 0)

#define SET_VALID(p)              do { (p)->flags |= SST25_CACHE_VALID; } while (0)
#define SET_DIRTY(p)              do { (p)->flags |= SST25_CACHE_DIRTY; } while (0)
#define SET_ERASED(p)             do { (p)->flags |= SST25_CACHE_DIRTY; } while (0)

#define CLR_VALID(p)              do { (p)->flags &= ~SST25_CACHE_VALID; } while (0)
#define CLR_DIRTY(p)              do { (p)->flags &= ~SST25_CACHE_DIRTY; } while (0)
#define CLR_ERASED(p)             do { (p)->flags &= ~SST25_CACHE_DIRTY; } while (0)

/************************************************************************************
 * Private Types
 ************************************************************************************/

/* This type represents the state of the MTD device.  The struct mtd_dev_s must
 * appear at the beginning of the definition so that you can freely cast between
 * pointers to struct mtd_dev_s and struct s512_dev_s.
 */

struct s512_dev_s
{
  struct mtd_dev_s      mtd;          /* MTD interface */
  FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev;          /* Saved lower level MTD interface instance */
  uint32_t              eblocksize;   /* Size of one erase block */
  size_t                neblocks;     /* Number of erase blocks */
  size_t                sectperblock; /* Number of read/write sectors per erase block */
  uint16_t              stdperblock;  /* Number of 512 byte sectors in one erase block */
  uint8_t               flags;        /* Buffered sector flags */
  uint32_t              eblockno;     /* Erase sector number in the cache */
  FAR uint8_t          *eblock;       /* Allocated erase block */
};

/************************************************************************************
 * Private Function Prototypes
 ************************************************************************************/

/* Helpers */

static FAR uint8_t *s512_cacheread(struct s512_dev_s *priv, off_t sector);
#ifndef CONFIG_MTD_SECT512_READONLY
static void s512_cacheflush(struct s512_dev_s *priv);
#endif

/* MTD driver methods */

static int s512_erase(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t sector512, size_t nsectors);
static ssize_t s512_bread(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t sector512,
                           size_t nsectors, FAR uint8_t *buf);
static ssize_t s512_bwrite(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t sector512,
                            size_t nsectors, FAR const uint8_t *buf);
static ssize_t s512_read(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t offset, size_t nbytes,
                          FAR uint8_t *buffer);
static int s512_ioctl(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, int cmd, unsigned long arg);

/************************************************************************************
 * Private Data
 ************************************************************************************/

/************************************************************************************
 * Private Functions
 ************************************************************************************/

/************************************************************************************
 * Name: s512_cacheread
 ************************************************************************************/

static FAR uint8_t *s512_cacheread(struct s512_dev_s *priv, off_t sector512)
{
  off_t eblockno;
  off_t sector;
  ssize_t result;
  int index;

  /* Get the erase block containing this sector */

  eblockno = sector512 / priv->stdperblock;
  fvdbg("sector512: %lu eblockno: %lu\n",
        (unsigned long)sector512, (unsigned long)eblockno);

  /* Check if the requested erase block is already in the cache */

  if (!IS_VALID(priv) || eblockno != priv->eblockno)
    {
      /* No.. Flush any dirty erase block currently in the cache */

      s512_cacheflush(priv);

      /* Read the erase block into the cache */

      sector = eblockno * priv->sectperblock;
      result = priv->dev->bread(priv->dev, sector, priv->sectperblock,
                                priv->eblock);
      if (result < 0)
        {
          fdbg("ERROR: bread(%lu, %lu) returned %ld\n",
               (unsigned long)sector, (unsigned long)priv->eblocksize,
               (long)result);

          return NULL;
        }

      /* Mark the sector as cached */

      priv->eblockno = eblockno;

      SET_VALID(priv);          /* The data in the cache is valid */
      CLR_DIRTY(priv);          /* It should match the FLASH contents */
      CLR_ERASED(priv);         /* The underlying FLASH has not been erased */
    }

  /* Get the index to the 512 sector in the erase block that holds the argument */

  index = sector512 % priv->stdperblock;

  /* Return the address in the cache that holds this sector */

  return &priv->eblock[index << SHIFT_512];
}

/************************************************************************************
 * Name: s512_cacheflush
 ************************************************************************************/

#if !defined(CONFIG_MTD_SECT512_READONLY)
static void s512_cacheflush(struct s512_dev_s *priv)
{
  off_t sector;
  ssize_t result;

  /* If the cached is dirty (meaning that it no longer matches the old FLASH contents)
   * or was erased (with the cache containing the correct FLASH contents), then write
   * the cached erase block to FLASH.
   */

  if (IS_DIRTY(priv) || IS_ERASED(priv))
    {
      /* Write entire erase block to FLASH */

      sector = priv->eblockno * priv->sectperblock;
      result = priv->dev->bwrite(priv->dev, sector, priv->sectperblock, priv->eblock);
      if (result < 0)
        {
          fdbg("ERROR: bwrite(%lu, %lu) returned %ld\n",
               (unsigned long)sector, (unsigned long)priv->eblocksize,
               (long)result);

          return;
        }

      /* The cache is no long dirty and the FLASH is no longer erased */

      CLR_DIRTY(priv);
      CLR_ERASED(priv);
    }
}
#endif

/************************************************************************************
 * Name: s512_erase
 ************************************************************************************/

static int s512_erase(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t sector512, size_t nsectors)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_SECT512_READONLY
  return -EACESS
#else
  FAR struct s512_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct s512_dev_s *)dev;
  FAR uint8_t *dest;
  size_t sectorsleft = nsectors;
  size_t eblockno;
  int ret;

  fvdbg("sector512: %08lx nsectors: %lu\n",
        (unsigned long)sector512, (unsigned int)nsectors);

  while (sectorsleft-- > 0)
    {
      /* Erase each sector. First, make sure that the erase block containing the
       * 512 byte sector is in the cache.
       */

      dest = s512_cacheread(priv, sector512);
      if (!dest)
        {
          fdbg("ERROR: s512_cacheread(%ul) failed\n", (unsigned long)sector512);
          DEBUGPANIC();
          return -EIO;
        }

      /* Erase the block containing this sector if it is not already erased.
       * The erased indicator will be cleared when the data from the erase sector
       * is read into the cache and set here when we erase the block.
       */

      if (!IS_ERASED(priv))
        {
          eblockno  = sector512 / priv->stdperblock;
          fvdbg("sector512: %lu eblockno: %lu\n",
                (unsigned long)sector512, (unsigned long)eblockno);

          ret = priv->dev->erase(priv->dev, eblockno, 1);
          if (ret < 0)
            {
              fdbg("ERROR: Failed to erase block %lu: %d\n",
                   (unsigned long)eblockno, ret);
              return ret;
            }

          SET_ERASED(priv);
        }

      /* Put the cached sector data into the erase state and mark the cache
       * as dirty (but don't update the FLASH yet.  The caller will do that
       * at a more optimal time).
       */

      memset(dest, CONFIG_MTD_SECT512_ERASED_STATE, SECTOR_512);
      SET_DIRTY(priv);
      sector512++;
    }

  /* Flush the last erase block left in the cache */

  s512_cacheflush(priv);

  return (int)nsectors;
#endif
}

/************************************************************************************
 * Name: s512_bread
 ************************************************************************************/

static ssize_t s512_bread(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t sector512,
                          size_t nsectors, FAR uint8_t *buffer)
{
  FAR struct s512_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct s512_dev_s *)dev;
  FAR uint8_t *src;
  ssize_t remaining;
  ssize_t result = nsectors;

  fvdbg("sector512: %08lx nsectors: %d\n", (long)sector512, (int)nsectors);

  /* Read each 512 byte sector from the block via the erase block cache */

  for (remaining = nsectors; remaining; remaining--)
    {
      /* Make sure that the next sector is in the erase block cache */

      src = s512_cacheread(priv, sector512);
      if (!src)
        {
          fdbg("ERROR: s512_cacheread(%ul) failed\n", (unsigned long)sector512);
          DEBUGPANIC();

          result = (ssize_t)nsectors - remaining;
          if (result <= 0)
            {
              result = -EIO;
            }

          break;
        }

      /* Copy the sector data from the erase block cache into the user buffer */

      memcpy(buffer, src, SECTOR_512);

      buffer += SECTOR_512;
      sector512++;
    }

  return result;
}

/************************************************************************************
 * Name: s512_bwrite
 ************************************************************************************/

static ssize_t s512_bwrite(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t sector512, size_t nsectors,
                            FAR const uint8_t *buffer)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_SECT512_READONLY
  return -EACCESS;
#else
  FAR struct s512_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct s512_dev_s *)dev;
  ssize_t remaining;
  ssize_t result;
  off_t eblockno;

  fvdbg("sector512: %08lx nsectors: %d\n", (long)sector512, (int)nsectors);

  FAR uint8_t *dest;

  for (remaining = nsectors; remaining > 0; remaining--)
    {
      /* First, make sure that the erase block containing 512 byte sector is in
       * memory.
       */

      dest = s512_cacheread(priv, sector512);
      if (!dest)
        {
          result = (ssize_t)nsectors - remaining;
          if (result <= 0)
            {
              result = -EIO;
            }

          return result;
        }

      /* Erase the block containing this sector if it is not already erased.
       * The erased indicated will be cleared when the data from the erase sector
       * is read into the cache and set here when we erase the sector.
       */

      if (!IS_ERASED(priv))
        {
          eblockno  = sector512 / priv->stdperblock;
          fvdbg("sector512: %lu eblockno: %lu\n",
                (unsigned long)sector512, (unsigned long)eblockno);

          result = priv->dev->erase(priv->dev, eblockno, 1);
          if (result < 0)
            {
              fdbg("ERROR: Failed to erase block %lu: %ld\n",
                   (unsigned long)eblockno, (long)result);
              return result;
            }

          SET_ERASED(priv);
        }

      /* Copy the new sector data into cached erase block */

      memcpy(dest, buffer, SECTOR_512);
      SET_DIRTY(priv);

      /* Set up for the next 512 byte sector */

      buffer += SECTOR_512;
      sector512++;
    }

  /* Flush the last erase block left in the cache */

  s512_cacheflush(priv);
  return nsectors;
#endif
}

/************************************************************************************
 * Name: s512_read
 ************************************************************************************/

static ssize_t s512_read(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t offset, size_t nbytes,
                         FAR uint8_t *buffer)
{
  FAR struct s512_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct s512_dev_s *)dev;
  FAR uint8_t *src;
  ssize_t remaining;
  ssize_t xfrsize;
  off_t sectoffset;
  off_t sector;

  fvdbg("offset: %08lx nbytes: %lu\n",
        (unsigned long)offset, (unsigned long)nbytes);

  /* Convert the offset into 512 byte sector address and a byte offset */

  sectoffset = offset & MASK_512;
  sector     = offset >> SHIFT_512;

  for (remaining = nbytes; remaining > 0; remaining -= xfrsize)
    {
      /* Read the erase block into the cache and get the address of the
       * beginning of the 512 byte block in the cached erase block.
       */

      src = s512_cacheread(priv, sector);
      if (!src)
        {
          int result;

          fdbg("ERROR: s512_cacheread(%ul) failed\n", (unsigned long)sector);
          DEBUGPANIC();

          result = (ssize_t)nbytes - remaining;
          if (result <= 0)
            {
              result = -EIO;
            }

          return result;
        }

      /* Then copy the requested bytes from the cached erase block */

      xfrsize = remaining;
      if (sectoffset + xfrsize > SECTOR_512)
        {
          xfrsize = SECTOR_512 - sectoffset;
        }

      memcpy(buffer, src + sectoffset, xfrsize);
      buffer += xfrsize;
    }

  fvdbg("return nbytes: %d\n", (int)nbytes);
  return nbytes;
}

/************************************************************************************
 * Name: s512_ioctl
 ************************************************************************************/

static int s512_ioctl(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
  FAR struct s512_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct s512_dev_s *)dev;
  int ret = -EINVAL; /* Assume good command with bad parameters */

  fvdbg("cmd: %d \n", cmd);

  switch (cmd)
    {
      case MTDIOC_GEOMETRY:
        {
          FAR struct mtd_geometry_s *geo = (FAR struct mtd_geometry_s *)((uintptr_t)arg);
          if (geo)
            {
              /* Populate the geometry structure with information need to know
               * the capacity and how to access the device.
               *
               * NOTE: that the device is treated as though it where just an array
               * of fixed size blocks.  That is most likely not true, but the client
               * will expect the device logic to do whatever is necessary to make it
               * appear so.
               */

              geo->blocksize    = SECTOR_512;
              geo->erasesize    = SECTOR_512;
              geo->neraseblocks = priv->neblocks * priv->stdperblock;
              ret               = OK;

              fvdbg("blocksize: %d erasesize: %d neraseblocks: %d\n",
                    geo->blocksize, geo->erasesize, geo->neraseblocks);
            }
        }
        break;

      case MTDIOC_BULKERASE:
        {
          /* Erase the entire device */

          ret = priv->dev->ioctl(priv->dev, MTDIOC_BULKERASE, 0);
          if (ret >= 0)
            {
              priv->flags    = 0;      /* Buffered sector flags */
              priv->eblockno = 0;      /* Erase sector number in the cache */
              priv->eblock   = NULL;   /* Allocated erase block */
            }
        }
        break;

      case MTDIOC_XIPBASE:
      default:
        ret = -ENOTTY; /* Bad command */
        break;
    }

  fvdbg("return %d\n", ret);
  return ret;
}

/************************************************************************************
 * Public Functions
 ************************************************************************************/

/************************************************************************************
 * Name: s512_initialize
 *
 * Description:
 *   Create an initialized MTD device instance.  This MTD driver contains another
 *   MTD driver and converts a larger sector size to a standard 512 byte sector
 *   size.
 *
 *   MTD devices are not registered in the file system, but are created as instances
 *   that can be bound to other functions (such as a block or character driver front
 *   end).
 *
 ************************************************************************************/

FAR struct mtd_dev_s *s512_initialize(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *mtd)
{
  FAR struct s512_dev_s *priv;
  FAR struct mtd_geometry_s geo;
  int ret;

  fvdbg("mtd: %p\n", mtd);

  /* Get the device geometry */

  DEBUGASSERT(mtd && mtd->ioctl);
  ret = mtd->ioctl(mtd, MTDIOC_GEOMETRY, (unsigned long)((uintptr_t)&geo));

  /* We expect that the block size will be >512 and an even multiple of 512 */

  if (ret < 0 || geo.erasesize <= SECTOR_512 ||
     (geo.erasesize & ~MASK_512) != geo.erasesize)
    {
      fdbg("ERROR: MTDIOC_GEOMETRY ioctl returned %d, eraseize=%d\n",
           ret, geo.erasesize);
      DEBUGPANIC();
      return NULL;
    }

  /* Allocate a state structure (we allocate the structure instead of using
   * a fixed, static allocation so that we can handle multiple FLASH devices.
   * The current implementation would handle only one FLASH part per SPI
   * device (only because of the SPIDEV_FLASH definition) and so would have
   * to be extended to handle multiple FLASH parts on the same SPI bus.
   */

  priv = (FAR struct s512_dev_s *)kmm_zalloc(sizeof(struct s512_dev_s));
  if (priv)
    {
      /* Initialize the allocated structure. (unsupported methods/fields
       * were already nullified by kmm_zalloc).
       */

      priv->mtd.erase    = s512_erase;
      priv->mtd.bread    = s512_bread;
      priv->mtd.bwrite   = s512_bwrite;
      priv->mtd.read     = s512_read;
      priv->mtd.ioctl    = s512_ioctl;

      priv->dev          = mtd;
      priv->eblocksize   = geo.erasesize;
      priv->neblocks     = geo.neraseblocks;
      priv->sectperblock = geo.erasesize / geo.blocksize;
      priv->stdperblock  = geo.erasesize >> 9;

      /* Allocate a buffer for the erase block cache */

      priv->eblock = (FAR uint8_t *)kmm_malloc(priv->eblocksize);
      if (!priv->eblock)
        {
          /* Allocation failed! Discard all of that work we just did and return NULL */

          fdbg("Allocation failed\n");
          kmm_free(priv);
          priv = NULL;
        }
    }

  /* Register the MTD with the procfs system if enabled */

#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_REGISTRATION
  mtd_register(&priv->mtd, "sector512");
#endif

  /* Return the implementation-specific state structure as the MTD device */

  fvdbg("Return %p\n", priv);
  return &priv->mtd;
}