vfs/file: add reference counting to prevent accidental close during reading writing...

Signed-off-by: Shoukui Zhang <zhangshoukui@xiaomi.com>

audio/audio.c

@@ -603,6 +603,7 @@ static int audio_ioctl(FAR struct file *filep, int cmd, unsigned long arg)
         {
           audinfo("AUDIOIOC_UNREGISTERMQ\n");
 
+          fs_putfilep(upper->usermq);
           upper->usermq = NULL;
           ret = OK;
         }

drivers/net/telnet.c

@@ -901,6 +901,7 @@ static int telnet_session(FAR struct telnet_session_s *session)
 {
   FAR struct telnet_dev_s *priv;
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* Allocate instance data for this driver */
@@ -931,7 +932,7 @@ static int telnet_session(FAR struct telnet_session_s *session)
    * instance resided in the daemon's task group`).
    */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(session->ts_sd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(session->ts_sd, &filep, &psock);
   if (ret != OK)
     {
       nerr("ERROR: Failed to convert sd=%d to a socket structure\n",
@@ -940,6 +941,7 @@ static int telnet_session(FAR struct telnet_session_s *session)
     }
 
   ret = psock_dup2(psock, &priv->td_psock);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       nerr("ERROR: psock_dup2 failed: %d\n", ret);

fs/aio/aioc_contain.c

@@ -80,35 +80,40 @@ FAR struct aio_container_s *aio_contain(FAR struct aiocb *aiocbp)
    */
 
   aioc = aioc_alloc();
-  if (aioc != NULL)
+  if (aioc == NULL)
     {
-      /* Initialize the container */
+      ret = -ENOMEM;
+      goto err_putfilep;
+    }
 
-      memset(aioc, 0, sizeof(struct aio_container_s));
+  /* Initialize the container */
-      aioc->aioc_aiocbp = aiocbp;
+
-      aioc->aioc_filep  = filep;
+  memset(aioc, 0, sizeof(struct aio_container_s));
-      aioc->aioc_pid    = nxsched_getpid();
+  aioc->aioc_aiocbp = aiocbp;
+  aioc->aioc_filep  = filep;
+  aioc->aioc_pid    = nxsched_getpid();
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PRIORITY_INHERITANCE
-      DEBUGVERIFY(nxsched_get_param (aioc->aioc_pid, &param));
+  DEBUGVERIFY(nxsched_get_param(aioc->aioc_pid, &param));
-      aioc->aioc_prio   = param.sched_priority;
+  aioc->aioc_prio   = param.sched_priority;
 #endif
 
-      /* Add the container to the pending transfer list. */
+  /* Add the container to the pending transfer list. */
 
-      ret = aio_lock();
+  ret = aio_lock();
-      if (ret < 0)
+  if (ret < 0)
-        {
+    {
-          aioc_free(aioc);
+      aioc_free(aioc);
-          goto errout;
+      goto err_putfilep;
-        }
-
-      dq_addlast(&aioc->aioc_link, &g_aio_pending);
-      aio_unlock();
     }
 
+  dq_addlast(&aioc->aioc_link, &g_aio_pending);
+  aio_unlock();
+
   return aioc;
 
+err_putfilep:
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
 errout:
   set_errno(-ret);
   return NULL;
@@ -148,6 +153,7 @@ FAR struct aiocb *aioc_decant(FAR struct aio_container_s *aioc)
        */
 
       aiocbp = aioc->aioc_aiocbp;
+      fs_putfilep(aioc->aioc_filep);
       aioc_free(aioc);
 
       aio_unlock();

fs/inode/fs_files.c

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 static FAR struct file *files_fget_by_index(FAR struct filelist *list,
-                                            int l1, int l2)
+                                            int l1, int l2, FAR bool *new)
 {
   FAR struct file *filep;
   irqstate_t flags;
@@ -71,9 +71,25 @@ static FAR struct file *files_fget_by_index(FAR struct filelist *list,
   flags = spin_lock_irqsave(NULL);
 
   filep = &list->fl_files[l1][l2];
+  if (filep->f_inode != NULL)
+    {
+      filep->f_refs++;
+    }
+  else if (new == NULL)
+    {
+      filep = NULL;
+    }
+  else if (filep->f_refs)
+    {
+      filep->f_refs++;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      filep->f_refs = 2;
+      *new = true;
+    }
 
   spin_unlock_irqrestore(NULL, flags);
-
   return filep;
 }
 
@@ -180,10 +196,11 @@ static void task_fssync(FAR struct tcb_s *tcb, FAR void *arg)
         {
           FAR struct file *filep;
 
-          filep = files_fget_by_index(list, i, j);
+          filep = files_fget_by_index(list, i, j, NULL);
-          if (filep->f_inode != NULL)
+          if (filep != NULL)
             {
               file_fsync(filep);
+              fs_putfilep(filep);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -215,6 +232,7 @@ static int nx_dup3_from_tcb(FAR struct tcb_s *tcb, int fd1, int fd2,
                             int flags)
 {
   FAR struct filelist *list;
+  FAR struct file *filep1;
   FAR struct file *filep;
 #ifdef CONFIG_FDCHECK
   uint8_t f_tag_fdcheck;
@@ -222,6 +240,7 @@ static int nx_dup3_from_tcb(FAR struct tcb_s *tcb, int fd1, int fd2,
 #ifdef CONFIG_FDSAN
   uint64_t f_tag_fdsan;
 #endif
+  bool new = false;
   int count;
   int ret;
 
@@ -254,12 +273,17 @@ static int nx_dup3_from_tcb(FAR struct tcb_s *tcb, int fd1, int fd2,
         }
     }
 
-  filep = files_fget(list, fd2);
+  filep1 = files_fget(list, fd1);
-  if (filep == NULL)
+  if (filep1 == NULL)
     {
       return -EBADF;
     }
 
+  filep = files_fget_by_index(list,
+                              fd2 / CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS_PER_BLOCK,
+                              fd2 % CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS_PER_BLOCK,
+                              &new);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_FDSAN
   f_tag_fdsan = filep->f_tag_fdsan;
 #endif
@@ -270,9 +294,16 @@ static int nx_dup3_from_tcb(FAR struct tcb_s *tcb, int fd1, int fd2,
 
   /* Perform the dup3 operation */
 
-  ret = file_dup3(files_fget(list, fd1), filep, flags);
+  ret = file_dup3(filep1, filep, flags);
+  fs_putfilep(filep1);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
+      if (new)
+        {
+          fs_putfilep(filep);
+        }
+
       return ret;
     }
 
@@ -482,7 +513,7 @@ int files_countlist(FAR struct filelist *list)
 FAR struct file *files_fget(FAR struct filelist *list, int fd)
 {
   return files_fget_by_index(list, fd / CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS_PER_BLOCK,
-                             fd % CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS_PER_BLOCK);
+                             fd % CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS_PER_BLOCK, NULL);
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************
@@ -541,6 +572,7 @@ int file_allocate_from_tcb(FAR struct tcb_s *tcb, FAR struct inode *inode,
               filep->f_pos    = pos;
               filep->f_inode  = inode;
               filep->f_priv   = priv;
+              filep->f_refs   = 1;
 
               goto found;
             }
@@ -607,7 +639,9 @@ int files_duplist(FAR struct filelist *plist, FAR struct filelist *clist,
     {
       for (j = 0; j < CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS_PER_BLOCK; j++)
         {
+          FAR struct file *filep2;
           FAR struct file *filep;
+          bool new = false;
 
           fd = i * CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS_PER_BLOCK + j;
 #ifdef CONFIG_FDCLONE_STDIO
@@ -625,8 +659,8 @@ int files_duplist(FAR struct filelist *plist, FAR struct filelist *clist,
             }
 #endif
 
-          filep = files_fget_by_index(plist, i, j);
+          filep = files_fget_by_index(plist, i, j, NULL);
-          if (filep->f_inode == NULL)
+          if (filep == NULL)
             {
               continue;
             }
@@ -642,25 +676,36 @@ int files_duplist(FAR struct filelist *plist, FAR struct filelist *clist,
 #endif
               if (!spawn_file_is_duplicateable(actions, fd, fcloexec))
                 {
+                  fs_putfilep(filep);
                   continue;
                 }
             }
           else if (fcloexec)
             {
+              fs_putfilep(filep);
               continue;
             }
 
           ret = files_extend(clist, i + 1);
           if (ret < 0)
             {
+              fs_putfilep(filep);
               return ret;
             }
 
           /* Yes... duplicate it for the child, include O_CLOEXEC flag. */
 
-          ret = file_dup2(filep, files_fget_by_index(clist, i, j));
+          filep2 = files_fget_by_index(clist, i, j, &new);
+          ret = file_dup2(filep, filep2);
+          fs_putfilep(filep2);
+          fs_putfilep(filep);
           if (ret < 0)
             {
+              if (new)
+                {
+                  fs_putfilep(filep2);
+                }
+
               return ret;
             }
         }
@@ -721,17 +766,55 @@ int fs_getfilep(int fd, FAR struct file **filep)
 
   *filep = files_fget(list, fd);
 
-  /* if f_inode is NULL, fd was closed */
+  /* if *filep is NULL, fd was closed */
 
-  if ((*filep)->f_inode == NULL)
+  if (*filep == NULL)
     {
-      *filep = NULL;
       return -EBADF;
     }
 
   return OK;
 }
 
+/****************************************************************************
+ * Name: fs_putfilep
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *   Handles reference counts for files, less than or equal to 0 and close
+ *   the file
+ *
+ * Input Parameters:
+ *   filep  - The caller provided location in which to return the 'struct
+ *            file' instance.
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+int fs_putfilep(FAR struct file *filep)
+{
+  irqstate_t flags;
+  int ret = 0;
+  int refs;
+
+  DEBUGASSERT(filep);
+  flags = spin_lock_irqsave(NULL);
+
+  refs = --filep->f_refs;
+
+  spin_unlock_irqrestore(NULL, flags);
+
+  /* If refs is zero, the close() had called, closing it now. */
+
+  if (refs == 0)
+    {
+      ret = file_close(filep);
+      if (ret < 0)
+        {
+          ferr("ERROR: fs putfilep file_close() failed: %d\n", ret);
+        }
+    }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
 /****************************************************************************
  * Name: nx_dup2_from_tcb
  *
@@ -870,12 +953,20 @@ int nx_close_from_tcb(FAR struct tcb_s *tcb, int fd)
 
   /* If the file was properly opened, there should be an inode assigned */
 
-  if (filep->f_inode == NULL)
+  if (filep == NULL)
     {
       return -EBADF;
     }
 
-  return file_close(filep);
+  /* files_fget will increase the reference count, there call fs_putfilep
+   * reduce reference count.
+   */
+
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+
+  /* Undo the last reference count from file_allocate_from_tcb */
+
+  return fs_putfilep(filep);
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************

fs/mmap/fs_mmap.c

@@ -286,6 +286,11 @@ FAR void *mmap(FAR void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags,
 
   ret = file_mmap_(filep, start, length,
                    prot, flags, offset, false, &mapped);
+  if (fd != -1)
+    {
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
+    }
+
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       goto errout;

fs/notify/inotify.c

@@ -596,21 +596,21 @@ static int inotify_close(FAR struct file *filep)
  *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-static FAR struct inotify_device_s *inotify_get_device_from_fd(int fd)
+static FAR struct inotify_device_s *
+inotify_get_device_from_fd(int fd, FAR struct file **filep)
 {
-  FAR struct file *filep;
+  if (fs_getfilep(fd, filep) < 0)
-
-  if (fs_getfilep(fd, &filep) < 0)
     {
       return NULL;
     }
 
-  if (filep == NULL || filep->f_inode != &g_inotify_inode)
+  if ((*filep)->f_inode != &g_inotify_inode)
     {
+      fs_putfilep(*filep);
       return NULL;
     }
 
-  return filep->f_priv;
+  return (*filep)->f_priv;
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************
@@ -1056,6 +1056,7 @@ int inotify_add_watch(int fd, FAR const char *pathname, uint32_t mask)
   FAR struct inotify_watch_s *watch;
   FAR struct inotify_watch_s *old;
   FAR struct inotify_device_s *dev;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   FAR char *abspath;
   struct stat buf;
   int ret;
@@ -1066,7 +1067,7 @@ int inotify_add_watch(int fd, FAR const char *pathname, uint32_t mask)
       return ERROR;
     }
 
-  dev = inotify_get_device_from_fd(fd);
+  dev = inotify_get_device_from_fd(fd, &filep);
   if (dev == NULL)
     {
       set_errno(EBADF);
@@ -1076,6 +1077,7 @@ int inotify_add_watch(int fd, FAR const char *pathname, uint32_t mask)
   abspath = lib_realpath(pathname, NULL, mask & IN_DONT_FOLLOW);
   if (abspath == NULL)
     {
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
       return ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -1146,6 +1148,7 @@ out:
   nxmutex_unlock(&g_inotify.lock);
 
 out_free:
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   lib_free(abspath);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
@@ -1177,8 +1180,9 @@ int inotify_rm_watch(int fd, int wd)
 {
   FAR struct inotify_device_s *dev;
   FAR struct inotify_watch_s *watch;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
 
-  dev = inotify_get_device_from_fd(fd);
+  dev = inotify_get_device_from_fd(fd, &filep);
   if (dev == NULL)
     {
       set_errno(EBADF);
@@ -1192,6 +1196,7 @@ int inotify_rm_watch(int fd, int wd)
     {
       nxmutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
       nxmutex_unlock(&g_inotify.lock);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
       set_errno(EINVAL);
       return ERROR;
     }
@@ -1199,6 +1204,7 @@ int inotify_rm_watch(int fd, int wd)
   inotify_remove_watch(dev, watch);
   nxmutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
   nxmutex_unlock(&g_inotify.lock);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   return OK;
 }
 

fs/procfs/fs_procfsproc.c

@@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ static ssize_t proc_groupfd(FAR struct proc_file_s *procfile,
 
       /* Is there an inode associated with the file descriptor? */
 
-      if (filep->f_inode == NULL)
+      if (filep == NULL)
         {
           continue;
         }
@@ -1321,6 +1321,7 @@ static ssize_t proc_groupfd(FAR struct proc_file_s *procfile,
           procfile->line[linesize - 2] = '\n';
         }
 
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
       copysize   = procfs_memcpy(procfile->line, linesize,
                                  buffer, remaining, &offset);
 

fs/socket/socket.c

@@ -192,8 +192,7 @@ int sockfd_allocate(FAR struct socket *psock, int oflags)
 
 FAR struct socket *file_socket(FAR struct file *filep)
 {
-  if (filep != NULL && filep->f_inode != NULL &&
+  if (filep != NULL && INODE_IS_SOCKET(filep->f_inode))
-      INODE_IS_SOCKET(filep->f_inode))
     {
       return filep->f_priv;
     }
@@ -201,17 +200,20 @@ FAR struct socket *file_socket(FAR struct file *filep)
   return NULL;
 }
 
-int sockfd_socket(int sockfd, FAR struct socket **socketp)
+int sockfd_socket(int sockfd, FAR struct file **filep,
+                  FAR struct socket **socketp)
 {
-  FAR struct file *filep;
+  if (fs_getfilep(sockfd, filep) < 0)
-
-  if (fs_getfilep(sockfd, &filep) < 0)
     {
       *socketp = NULL;
       return -EBADF;
     }
 
-  *socketp = file_socket(filep);
+  *socketp = file_socket(*filep);
+  if (*socketp == NULL)
+    {
+      fs_putfilep(*filep);
+    }
 
   return *socketp != NULL ? OK : -ENOTSOCK;
 }

fs/vfs/fs_dup.c

@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ int file_dup(FAR struct file *filep, int minfd, int flags)
   if (fd2 < 0)
     {
       file_close(&filep2);
-      return fd2;
     }
 
   return fd2;
@@ -97,11 +96,10 @@ int dup(int fd)
       goto err;
     }
 
-  DEBUGASSERT(filep != NULL);
-
   /* Let file_dup() do the real work */
 
   ret = file_dup(filep, 0, 0);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       goto err;

fs/vfs/fs_epoll.c

@@ -134,14 +134,13 @@ static struct inode g_epoll_inode =
  * Private Functions
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-static FAR epoll_head_t *epoll_head_from_fd(int fd)
+static FAR epoll_head_t *epoll_head_from_fd(int fd, FAR struct file **filep)
 {
-  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* Get file pointer by file descriptor */
 
-  ret = fs_getfilep(fd, &filep);
+  ret = fs_getfilep(fd, filep);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       set_errno(-ret);
@@ -150,13 +149,14 @@ static FAR epoll_head_t *epoll_head_from_fd(int fd)
 
   /* Check fd come from us */
 
-  if (!filep->f_inode || filep->f_inode->u.i_ops != &g_epoll_ops)
+  if ((*filep)->f_inode->u.i_ops != &g_epoll_ops)
     {
+      fs_putfilep(*filep);
       set_errno(EBADF);
       return NULL;
     }
 
-  return (FAR epoll_head_t *)filep->f_priv;
+  return (*filep)->f_priv;
 }
 
 static int epoll_do_open(FAR struct file *filep)
@@ -476,12 +476,13 @@ void epoll_close(int epfd)
 int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, FAR struct epoll_event *ev)
 {
   FAR struct list_node *extend;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   FAR epoll_head_t *eph;
   FAR epoll_node_t *epn;
   int ret;
   int i;
 
-  eph = epoll_head_from_fd(epfd);
+  eph = epoll_head_from_fd(epfd, &filep);
   if (eph == NULL)
     {
       return ERROR;
@@ -690,10 +691,12 @@ int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, FAR struct epoll_event *ev)
 
 out:
   nxmutex_unlock(&eph->lock);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   return OK;
 err:
   nxmutex_unlock(&eph->lock);
 err_without_lock:
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   set_errno(-ret);
   return ERROR;
 }
@@ -705,11 +708,12 @@ err_without_lock:
 int epoll_pwait(int epfd, FAR struct epoll_event *evs,
                 int maxevents, int timeout, FAR const sigset_t *sigmask)
 {
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   FAR epoll_head_t *eph;
   sigset_t oldsigmask;
   int ret;
 
-  eph = epoll_head_from_fd(epfd);
+  eph = epoll_head_from_fd(epfd, &filep);
   if (eph == NULL)
     {
       return ERROR;
@@ -755,9 +759,11 @@ retry:
       ret = num;
     }
 
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   return ret;
 
 err:
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   set_errno(-ret);
   return ERROR;
 }
@@ -776,10 +782,11 @@ err:
 int epoll_wait(int epfd, FAR struct epoll_event *evs,
                int maxevents, int timeout)
 {
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   FAR epoll_head_t *eph;
   int ret;
 
-  eph = epoll_head_from_fd(epfd);
+  eph = epoll_head_from_fd(epfd, &filep);
   if (eph == NULL)
     {
       return ERROR;
@@ -822,9 +829,11 @@ retry:
       ret = num;
     }
 
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   return ret;
 
 err:
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   set_errno(-ret);
   return ERROR;
 }

fs/vfs/fs_fchstat.c

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ static int fchstat(int fd, FAR struct stat *buf, int flags)
   /* Perform the fchstat operation */
 
   ret = file_fchstat(filep, buf, flags);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret >= 0)
     {
       /* Successfully fchstat'ed the file */

fs/vfs/fs_fcntl.c

@@ -350,13 +350,12 @@ int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, ...)
   ret = fs_getfilep(fd, &filep);
   if (ret >= 0)
     {
-      DEBUGASSERT(filep != NULL);
-
       /* Let file_vfcntl() do the real work.  The errno is not set on
        * failures.
        */
 
       ret = file_vfcntl(filep, cmd, ap);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

fs/vfs/fs_fstat.c

@@ -236,7 +236,8 @@ int nx_fstat(int fd, FAR struct stat *buf)
     {
       /* Perform the fstat operation */
 
-      return file_fstat(filep, buf);
+      ret = file_fstat(filep, buf);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   return ret;

fs/vfs/fs_fstatfs.c

@@ -72,22 +72,10 @@ int fstatfs(int fd, FAR struct statfs *buf)
       goto errout;
     }
 
-  DEBUGASSERT(filep != NULL);
-
   /* Get the inode from the file structure */
 
   inode = filep->f_inode;
-  DEBUGASSERT(inode != NULL);
 
-  /* Check if the file is open */
-
-  if (inode == NULL)
-    {
-      /* The descriptor does not refer to an open file. */
-
-      ret = -EBADF;
-    }
-  else
 #ifndef CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT
   /* The way we handle the stat depends on the type of inode that we
    * are dealing with.
@@ -121,6 +109,7 @@ int fstatfs(int fd, FAR struct statfs *buf)
 
   /* Check if the fstat operation was successful */
 
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret >= 0)
     {
       /* Successfully statfs'ed the file */

fs/vfs/fs_fsync.c

@@ -110,11 +110,10 @@ int fsync(int fd)
       goto errout;
     }
 
-  DEBUGASSERT(filep != NULL);
-
   /* Perform the fsync operation */
 
   ret = file_fsync(filep);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       goto errout;

fs/vfs/fs_ioctl.c

@@ -276,6 +276,7 @@ int ioctl(int fd, int req, ...)
   ret = file_vioctl(filep, req, ap);
   va_end(ap);
 
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       goto err;

fs/vfs/fs_lseek.c

@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ off_t nx_seek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence)
       return ret;
     }
 
-  DEBUGASSERT(filep != NULL);
-
   /* Then let file_seek do the real work */
 
-  return file_seek(filep, offset, whence);
+  ret = file_seek(filep, offset, whence);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+  return ret;
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************

fs/vfs/fs_poll.c

@@ -218,7 +218,9 @@ int poll_fdsetup(int fd, FAR struct pollfd *fds, bool setup)
 
   /* Let file_poll() do the rest */
 
-  return file_poll(filep, fds, setup);
+  ret = file_poll(filep, fds, setup);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+  return ret;
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************

fs/vfs/fs_pread.c

@@ -138,11 +138,10 @@ ssize_t pread(int fd, FAR void *buf, size_t nbytes, off_t offset)
       goto errout;
     }
 
-  DEBUGASSERT(filep != NULL);
-
   /* Let file_pread do the real work */
 
   ret = file_pread(filep, buf, nbytes, offset);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       goto errout;

fs/vfs/fs_pwrite.c

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ ssize_t pwrite(int fd, FAR const void *buf, size_t nbytes, off_t offset)
   /* Let file_pwrite do the real work */
 
   ret = file_pwrite(filep, buf, nbytes, offset);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       goto errout;

fs/vfs/fs_read.c

@@ -145,7 +145,9 @@ ssize_t nx_read(int fd, FAR void *buf, size_t nbytes)
 
   /* Then let file_read do all of the work. */
 
-  return file_read(filep, buf, nbytes);
+  ret = file_read(filep, buf, nbytes);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+  return ret;
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************

fs/vfs/fs_sendfile.c

@@ -342,10 +342,13 @@ ssize_t sendfile(int outfd, int infd, FAR off_t *offset, size_t count)
   ret = fs_getfilep(infd, &infile);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
+      fs_putfilep(outfile);
       goto errout;
     }
 
   ret = file_sendfile(outfile, infile, offset, count);
+  fs_putfilep(outfile);
+  fs_putfilep(infile);
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       goto errout;

fs/vfs/fs_signalfd.c

@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ out:
 int signalfd(int fd, FAR const sigset_t *mask, int flags)
 {
   FAR struct signalfd_priv_s *dev;
+  FAR struct file *filep = NULL;
   struct sigaction act;
   int ret = EINVAL;
   int signo;
@@ -360,8 +361,6 @@ int signalfd(int fd, FAR const sigset_t *mask, int flags)
     }
   else
     {
-      FAR struct file *filep;
-
       if (fs_getfilep(fd, &filep) < 0)
         {
           ret = EBADF;
@@ -370,6 +369,7 @@ int signalfd(int fd, FAR const sigset_t *mask, int flags)
 
       if (filep->f_inode->u.i_ops != &g_signalfd_fileops)
         {
+          fs_putfilep(filep);
           goto errout;
         }
 
@@ -397,6 +397,11 @@ int signalfd(int fd, FAR const sigset_t *mask, int flags)
         }
     }
 
+  if (filep != NULL)
+    {
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
+    }
+
   return fd;
 
 errout_with_dev:

fs/vfs/fs_syncfs.c

@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ int syncfs(int fd)
   ret = fs_getfilep(fd, &filep);
   if (ret == OK)
     {
-      DEBUGASSERT(filep != NULL);
       ret = file_syncfs(filep);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   leave_cancellation_point();

fs/vfs/fs_timerfd.c

@@ -511,12 +511,9 @@ int timerfd_settime(int fd, int flags,
       goto errout;
     }
 
-  /* Check fd come from us */
+  if (filep->f_inode->u.i_ops != &g_timerfd_fops)
-
-  if (!filep->f_inode || filep->f_inode->u.i_ops != &g_timerfd_fops)
     {
-      ret = -EINVAL;
+      goto errout_with_filep;
-      goto errout;
     }
 
   dev = (FAR struct timerfd_priv_s *)filep->f_priv;
@@ -556,6 +553,7 @@ int timerfd_settime(int fd, int flags,
   if (new_value->it_value.tv_sec <= 0 && new_value->it_value.tv_nsec <= 0)
     {
       leave_critical_section(intflags);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
       return OK;
     }
 
@@ -601,12 +599,15 @@ int timerfd_settime(int fd, int flags,
   if (ret < 0)
     {
       leave_critical_section(intflags);
-      goto errout;
+      goto errout_with_filep;
     }
 
   leave_critical_section(intflags);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   return OK;
 
+errout_with_filep:
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
 errout:
   set_errno(-ret);
   return ERROR;
@@ -635,11 +636,9 @@ int timerfd_gettime(int fd, FAR struct itimerspec *curr_value)
       goto errout;
     }
 
-  /* Check fd come from us */
+  if (filep->f_inode->u.i_ops != &g_timerfd_fops)
-
-  if (!filep->f_inode || filep->f_inode->u.i_ops != &g_timerfd_fops)
     {
-      ret = -EINVAL;
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
       goto errout;
     }
 
@@ -653,6 +652,7 @@ int timerfd_gettime(int fd, FAR struct itimerspec *curr_value)
 
   clock_ticks2time(&curr_value->it_value, ticks);
   clock_ticks2time(&curr_value->it_interval, dev->delay);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   return OK;
 
 errout:

fs/vfs/fs_truncate.c

@@ -174,11 +174,10 @@ int ftruncate(int fd, off_t length)
       goto errout;
     }
 
-  DEBUGASSERT(filep != NULL);
-
   /* Perform the truncate operation */
 
   ret = file_truncate(filep, length);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   if (ret >= 0)
     {
       return 0;

fs/vfs/fs_write.c

@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ ssize_t nx_write(int fd, FAR const void *buf, size_t nbytes)
        */
 
       ret = file_write(filep, buf, nbytes);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   return ret;

include/nuttx/fs/fs.h

@@ -465,6 +465,7 @@ typedef struct cookie_io_functions_t
 struct file
 {
   int               f_oflags;   /* Open mode flags */
+  int               f_refs;     /* Reference count */
   off_t             f_pos;      /* File position */
   FAR struct inode *f_inode;    /* Driver or file system interface */
   FAR void         *f_priv;     /* Per file driver private data */
@@ -1151,6 +1152,21 @@ int nx_open(FAR const char *path, int oflags, ...);
 
 int fs_getfilep(int fd, FAR struct file **filep);
 
+/****************************************************************************
+ * Name: fs_putfilep
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *   Release reference counts for files, less than or equal to 0 and close
+ *   the file
+ *
+ * Input Parameters:
+ *   filep  - The caller provided location in which to return the 'struct
+ *            file' instance.
+ *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+int fs_putfilep(FAR struct file *filep);
+
 /****************************************************************************
  * Name: file_close
  *

include/nuttx/net/net.h

@@ -597,7 +597,8 @@ int sockfd_allocate(FAR struct socket *psock, int oflags);
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 FAR struct socket *file_socket(FAR struct file *filep);
-int sockfd_socket(int sockfd, FAR struct socket **socketp);
+int sockfd_socket(int sockfd, FAR struct file **filep,
+                  FAR struct socket **socketp);
 
 /****************************************************************************
  * Name: psock_socket

net/local/local_sendmsg.c

@@ -120,11 +120,13 @@ static int local_sendctl(FAR struct local_conn_s *conn,
           filep2 = kmm_zalloc(sizeof(*filep2));
           if (!filep2)
             {
+              fs_putfilep(filep);
               ret = -ENOMEM;
               goto fail;
             }
 
           ret = file_dup2(filep, filep2);
+          fs_putfilep(filep);
           if (ret < 0)
             {
               kmm_free(filep2);

net/socket/accept.c

@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@ int accept4(int sockfd, FAR struct sockaddr *addr, FAR socklen_t *addrlen,
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock = NULL;
   FAR struct socket *newsock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int oflags = O_RDWR;
   int errcode;
   int newfd;
@@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ int accept4(int sockfd, FAR struct sockaddr *addr, FAR socklen_t *addrlen,
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Verify that the sockfd corresponds to valid, allocated socket */
 
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ int accept4(int sockfd, FAR struct sockaddr *addr, FAR socklen_t *addrlen,
   if (newsock == NULL)
     {
       errcode = ENOMEM;
-      goto errout;
+      goto errout_with_filep;
     }
 
   ret = psock_accept(psock, addr, addrlen, newsock, flags);
@@ -307,6 +308,7 @@ int accept4(int sockfd, FAR struct sockaddr *addr, FAR socklen_t *addrlen,
       goto errout_with_psock;
     }
 
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   leave_cancellation_point();
   return newfd;
 
@@ -316,6 +318,9 @@ errout_with_psock:
 errout_with_alloc:
   kmm_free(newsock);
 
+errout_with_filep:
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+
 errout:
   leave_cancellation_point();
 

net/socket/bind.c

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <debug.h>
 
+#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
 #include <nuttx/net/net.h>
 
 #include "socket/socket.h"
@@ -151,17 +152,19 @@ int psock_bind(FAR struct socket *psock, const struct sockaddr *addr,
 int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Then let psock_bind do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_bind(psock, addr, addrlen);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

net/socket/connect.c

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <debug.h>
 
 #include <nuttx/cancelpt.h>
+#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
 #include <nuttx/net/net.h>
 
 #include "socket/socket.h"
@@ -224,6 +225,7 @@ int psock_connect(FAR struct socket *psock, FAR const struct sockaddr *addr,
 int connect(int sockfd, FAR const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* accept() is a cancellation point */
@@ -232,13 +234,14 @@ int connect(int sockfd, FAR const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Then let psock_connect() do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_connect(psock, addr, addrlen);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

net/socket/getpeername.c

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 
+#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
 #include <nuttx/net/net.h>
 
 #include "socket/socket.h"
@@ -147,17 +148,19 @@ int getpeername(int sockfd, FAR struct sockaddr *addr,
                 FAR socklen_t *addrlen)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Let psock_getpeername() do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_getpeername(psock, addr, addrlen);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

net/socket/getsockname.c

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 
+#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
 #include <nuttx/net/net.h>
 
 #include "socket/socket.h"
@@ -145,17 +146,19 @@ int getsockname(int sockfd, FAR struct sockaddr *addr,
                 FAR socklen_t *addrlen)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Let psock_getsockname() do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_getsockname(psock, addr, addrlen);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

net/socket/getsockopt.c

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
+#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
+
 #include "socket/socket.h"
 #include "utils/utils.h"
 
@@ -348,17 +350,19 @@ int getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int option,
                void *value, socklen_t *value_len)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Then let psock_getsockopt() do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_getsockopt(psock, level, option, value, value_len);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

net/socket/listen.c

@@ -140,11 +140,12 @@ int psock_listen(FAR struct socket *psock, int backlog)
 int listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* The let psock_listen to the work. If psock_listen() fails, it will have
    * set the errno variable.
@@ -153,6 +154,7 @@ int listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_listen(psock, backlog);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

net/socket/recvfrom.c

@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, FAR void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
                  FAR struct sockaddr *from, FAR socklen_t *fromlen)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   ssize_t ret;
 #ifdef CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL
   struct sockaddr_storage kaddr;
@@ -192,13 +193,14 @@ ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, FAR void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Then let psock_recvfrom() do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_recvfrom(psock, buf, len, flags, from, fromlen);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL

net/socket/recvmsg.c

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #include <nuttx/cancelpt.h>
+#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
 #include <nuttx/net/net.h>
 
 #include "socket/socket.h"
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ ssize_t psock_recvmsg(FAR struct socket *psock, FAR struct msghdr *msg,
 ssize_t recvmsg(int sockfd, FAR struct msghdr *msg, int flags)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   ssize_t ret;
 
   /* recvmsg() is a cancellation point */
@@ -175,13 +177,14 @@ ssize_t recvmsg(int sockfd, FAR struct msghdr *msg, int flags)
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Let psock_recvmsg() do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_recvmsg(psock, msg, flags);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

net/socket/sendmsg.c

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #include <nuttx/cancelpt.h>
+#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
 #include <nuttx/net/net.h>
 
 #include "socket/socket.h"
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ ssize_t psock_sendmsg(FAR struct socket *psock, FAR struct msghdr *msg,
 ssize_t sendmsg(int sockfd, FAR struct msghdr *msg, int flags)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   ssize_t ret;
 
   /* sendmsg() is a cancellation point */
@@ -149,13 +151,14 @@ ssize_t sendmsg(int sockfd, FAR struct msghdr *msg, int flags)
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Let psock_sendmsg() do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_sendmsg(psock, msg, flags);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

net/socket/sendto.c

@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ ssize_t sendto(int sockfd, FAR const void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
                FAR const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   ssize_t ret;
 #ifdef CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL
   struct sockaddr_storage kaddr;
@@ -237,13 +238,14 @@ ssize_t sendto(int sockfd, FAR const void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* And let psock_sendto do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_sendto(psock, buf, len, flags, to, tolen);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL

net/socket/setsockopt.c

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <arch/irq.h>
 
+#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
 #include <nuttx/net/net.h>
 #include <nuttx/net/netdev.h>
 #include <netdev/netdev.h>
@@ -385,17 +386,19 @@ int setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int option, const void *value,
                socklen_t value_len)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Then let psock_setockopt() do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_setsockopt(psock, level, option, value, value_len);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

net/socket/shutdown.c

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 
+#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
 #include <nuttx/net/net.h>
 
 #include "socket/socket.h"
@@ -128,17 +129,19 @@ int psock_shutdown(FAR struct socket *psock, int how)
 int shutdown(int sockfd, int how)
 {
   FAR struct socket *psock;
+  FAR struct file *filep;
   int ret;
 
   /* Get the underlying socket structure */
 
-  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &psock);
+  ret = sockfd_socket(sockfd, &filep, &psock);
 
   /* Then let psock_shutdown() do all of the work */
 
   if (ret == OK)
     {
       ret = psock_shutdown(psock, how);
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
     }
 
   if (ret < 0)

sched/mqueue/mq_getattr.c

@@ -106,18 +106,16 @@ int mq_getattr(mqd_t mqdes, struct mq_attr *mq_stat)
   int ret;
 
   ret = fs_getfilep(mqdes, &filep);
-  if (ret < 0)
+  if (ret >= 0)
     {
-      set_errno(-ret);
+      ret = file_mq_getattr(filep, mq_stat);
-      return ERROR;
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
+      if (ret >= 0)
+        {
+          return OK;
+        }
     }
 
-  ret = file_mq_getattr(filep, mq_stat);
+  set_errno(-ret);
-  if (ret < 0)
+  return ERROR;
-    {
-      set_errno(-ret);
-      return ERROR;
-    }
-
-  return OK;
 }

sched/mqueue/mq_notify.c

@@ -115,12 +115,12 @@ int mq_notify(mqd_t mqdes, FAR const struct sigevent *notification)
 
   /* Was a valid message queue descriptor provided? */
 
-  if (!inode || !inode->i_private)
+  if (!inode->i_private)
     {
       /* No.. return EBADF */
 
       errval = EBADF;
-      goto errout_without_lock;
+      goto errout_with_filep;
     }
 
   /* Get a pointer to the message queue */
@@ -184,11 +184,15 @@ int mq_notify(mqd_t mqdes, FAR const struct sigevent *notification)
     }
 
   leave_critical_section(flags);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
   return OK;
 
 errout:
   leave_critical_section(flags);
 
+errout_with_filep:
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+
 errout_without_lock:
   set_errno(errval);
   return ERROR;

sched/mqueue/mq_receive.c

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ ssize_t nxmq_receive(mqd_t mqdes, FAR char *msg, size_t msglen,
                      FAR unsigned int *prio)
 {
   FAR struct file *filep;
-  int ret;
+  ssize_t ret;
 
   ret = fs_getfilep(mqdes, &filep);
   if (ret < 0)
@@ -161,7 +161,9 @@ ssize_t nxmq_receive(mqd_t mqdes, FAR char *msg, size_t msglen,
       return ret;
     }
 
-  return file_mq_receive(filep, msg, msglen, prio);
+  ret = file_mq_receive(filep, msg, msglen, prio);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+  return ret;
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************

sched/mqueue/mq_send.c

@@ -181,7 +181,9 @@ int nxmq_send(mqd_t mqdes, FAR const char *msg, size_t msglen,
       return ret;
     }
 
-  return file_mq_send(filep, msg, msglen, prio);
+  ret = file_mq_send(filep, msg, msglen, prio);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+  return ret;
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************

sched/mqueue/mq_setattr.c

@@ -118,18 +118,16 @@ int mq_setattr(mqd_t mqdes, const struct mq_attr *mq_stat,
   int ret;
 
   ret = fs_getfilep(mqdes, &filep);
-  if (ret < 0)
+  if (ret >= 0)
     {
-      set_errno(-ret);
+      ret = file_mq_setattr(filep, mq_stat, oldstat);
-      return ERROR;
+      fs_putfilep(filep);
+      if (ret >= 0)
+        {
+          return OK;
+        }
     }
 
-  ret = file_mq_setattr(filep, mq_stat, oldstat);
+  set_errno(-ret);
-  if (ret < 0)
+  return ERROR;
-    {
-      set_errno(-ret);
-      return ERROR;
-    }
-
-  return OK;
 }

sched/mqueue/mq_timedreceive.c

@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ ssize_t nxmq_timedreceive(mqd_t mqdes, FAR char *msg, size_t msglen,
                           FAR const struct timespec *abstime)
 {
   FAR struct file *filep;
-  int ret;
+  ssize_t ret;
 
   ret = fs_getfilep(mqdes, &filep);
   if (ret < 0)
@@ -365,7 +365,9 @@ ssize_t nxmq_timedreceive(mqd_t mqdes, FAR char *msg, size_t msglen,
       return ret;
     }
 
-  return file_mq_timedreceive_internal(filep, msg, msglen, prio, abstime, 0);
+  ret = file_mq_timedreceive_internal(filep, msg, msglen, prio, abstime, 0);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+  return ret;
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************

sched/mqueue/mq_timedsend.c

@@ -437,7 +437,9 @@ int nxmq_timedsend(mqd_t mqdes, FAR const char *msg, size_t msglen,
       return ret;
     }
 
-  return file_mq_timedsend_internal(filep, msg, msglen, prio, abstime, 0);
+  ret = file_mq_timedsend_internal(filep, msg, msglen, prio, abstime, 0);
+  fs_putfilep(filep);
+  return ret;
 }
 
 /****************************************************************************