Prep for 0.4.9

git-svn-id: svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk@1969 42af7a65-404d-4744-a932-0658087f49c3
This commit is contained in:
patacongo 2009-06-26 22:52:57 +00:00
parent 7d37927c61
commit d9c797730c
6 changed files with 666 additions and 76 deletions

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@ -773,7 +773,7 @@
* The NXP LPC2148 and STR711 targets can now also be built using the CodeSourcery * The NXP LPC2148 and STR711 targets can now also be built using the CodeSourcery
or devkitARM Windows native toolchains. or devkitARM Windows native toolchains.
0.4.8 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr> 0.4.9 2009-06-26 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Add strtoll() and strtoull(); Add macros for atol() and atoll(). * Add strtoll() and strtoull(); Add macros for atol() and atoll().
* dup() and dup2() will now clone socket descriptors * dup() and dup2() will now clone socket descriptors
@ -802,6 +802,7 @@
This file has been around for a long time, but I don't think it has This file has been around for a long time, but I don't think it has
every been used before (i.e., prior to the NXFLAT logic) every been used before (i.e., prior to the NXFLAT logic)
0.4.10 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td> <td>
<h1><big><font color="#3c34ec"><i>NuttX RTOS</i></font></big></h1> <h1><big><font color="#3c34ec"><i>NuttX RTOS</i></font></big></h1>
<p>Last Updated: June 25, 2009</p> <p>Last Updated: June 26, 2009</p>
</td> </td>
</tr> </tr>
</table> </table>
@ -411,6 +411,15 @@
<li>ROMFS filesystem support.</li> <li>ROMFS filesystem support.</li>
</p> </p>
</tr> </tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li><a href="NuttXNxFlat.html">NXFLAT</a>.
A new binary format call NXFLAT that can be used to
execute separately linked programs in place in a file system.
</p>
</tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td> <td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
@ -687,8 +696,8 @@
</tr> </tr>
</table> </table>
<p><b>nuttx-0.4.8</b>. <p><b>nuttx-0.4.9</b>.
This 40<sup>th</sup> release of NuttX (nuttx-0.4.8) was made on June 13, 2009 This 41<sup>st</sup> release of NuttX (nuttx-0.4.9) was made on June 26, 2009
and is available for download from the and is available for download from the
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=189573">SourceForge</a> <a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=189573">SourceForge</a>
website. website.
@ -698,21 +707,16 @@
</p> </p>
This release adds: This release adds:
<ul> <ul>
<li> <li>
Support for the Olimex STRP711 board. That board is based on the STMicro Support for a new binary format call NXFLAT that can be used to
STR711 MCU (ARM7TDMI). Integration is complete on the basic port (boot logic, execute separately linked programs in place in a file system.
system time, serial console). Two configurations have been verified: (1) The See <a href="NuttXNxFlat.html">NXFLAT Documentation</a>
board boots and passes the OS test with console output visible on UART0, and for detailed information.
the NuttShell (NSH) is fully functional with interrupt driven serial console. </li>
An SPI driver is available but untested (because the Olimex card slot appears <li>
to accept only MMC cards; I have only SD cards). Additional needed: USB and Several important bugs were files related to networking and ROMFS
driver, MMC integration. (see the <a href="#currentrelease">ChangeLog</a> for a complete list).
</li> </li>
<li>
Support for the CodeSourcery and devkitARM Windows-native GNU toolchains.
Makefiles have been modified for the LM3S6918, LPC2148, and STR711 to support
these toolchains under Cygwin.
</li>
</ul> </ul>
</p> </p>
@ -1418,57 +1422,7 @@ Other memory:
</table> </table>
<pre><ul> <pre><ul>
nuttx-0.4.8 2009-06-13 Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt; nuttx-0.4.9 2009-06-26 Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
* lib/lib_*stream.c: Extend internal stream logic to support incoming streams.
* arch/arm/src/str71x: Serial output is now correct and timer interrupts are
working. The test at configs/olimex-strp711/ostest passes. This means that
the basic STR-P711 port is complete.
* configs/olimex-strp711/nsh: Add and verifed a NuttShell (NSH) configuration
for the STR-P711.
* arch/arm/str71x/str71x_serial.c: The STR711 interrupt driven serial driver
finally works after some extradinary measures to handle missed interrupts.
NSH is fully functional on the Olimex STR-P711 board.
* example/nsh: Moved architecture specific files from NSH directory to board-
specific directories.
* config/olimex-strp711/src/up_nsh.c: Add an NSH board specific directory for
for the Olimex STR7P11 board.
* Fixed build of LM3X6918 using the CodeSourcery Windows native toolchain. There
were lots of issues with Cygwin paths and Cygwin symbolic links. These changes
may work with the devarmKIT as well, but that remains untested.
* The NXP LPC2148 and STR711 targets can now also be built using the CodeSourcery
or devkitARM Windows native toolchains.
pascal-0.1.2 2008-02-10 Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
* Add logic to build and link with the ZDS-II toolchain
use with the z16f.
* Make sure that POFF header structures are aligned
* Standardized POFF file format to big-endian
* Break up large switch statements to lower complexity
and eliminate a compiler bug
* Changes so that runtime compiles with SDCC.
buildroot-0.1.6 2009-xx-xx &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
* Added config/arm7tdmi-defconfig-4.2.4
* Added config/arm920t-defconfig-4.3.3
* Correct error in arm-defconfig gcc-3.4.6 build. The gcc-3.4.6 configuration
does not not take --with-abi
* Correct error in gcc-3.4.6/gcc/collect.c. Calls open with O_CREAT but
does not specify mode. Newer host compilers can error out on this.
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="pendingchanges">Unreleased Changes</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<pre><ul>
nuttx-0.4.9 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
* Add strtoll() and strtoull(); Add macros for atol() and atoll(). * Add strtoll() and strtoull(); Add macros for atol() and atoll().
* dup() and dup2() will now clone socket descriptors * dup() and dup2() will now clone socket descriptors
@ -1494,9 +1448,17 @@ nuttx-0.4.9 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
This file has been around for a long time, but I don't think it has This file has been around for a long time, but I don't think it has
every been used before (i.e., prior to the NXFLAT logic) every been used before (i.e., prior to the NXFLAT logic)
pascal-0.1.3 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt; pascal-0.1.2 2008-02-10 Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
buildroot-0.1.7 2009-xx-xx &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt; * Add logic to build and link with the ZDS-II toolchain
use with the z16f.
* Make sure that POFF header structures are aligned
* Standardized POFF file format to big-endian
* Break up large switch statements to lower complexity
and eliminate a compiler bug
* Changes so that runtime compiles with SDCC.
buildroot-0.1.7 2009-06-26 &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
* configs/avr-defconfig-4.3.3: Added support for AVR to support a NuttX * configs/avr-defconfig-4.3.3: Added support for AVR to support a NuttX
port of the ATmega128. port of the ATmega128.
@ -1504,6 +1466,24 @@ buildroot-0.1.7 2009-xx-xx &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
* toolchain/genromfs: Added support for the genromfs tool * toolchain/genromfs: Added support for the genromfs tool
</pre></ul> </pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="pendingchanges">Unreleased Changes</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<pre><ul>
nuttx-0.4.10 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
nuttx-0.4.10 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
pascal-0.1.3 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
buildroot-0.1.8 2009-xx-xx &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%"> <table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4"> <tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td> <td>
@ -1539,6 +1519,10 @@ buildroot-0.1.7 2009-xx-xx &lt;spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr&gt;
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td> <td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttShell.html">NuttShell (NSH)</a></td> <td><a href="NuttShell.html">NuttShell (NSH)</a></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttXNxFlat.html">NXFLAT</a> Binary Format</td>
</tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td> <td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NXGraphicsSubsystem.html">NX Graphics Subsystem</a></td> <td><a href="NXGraphicsSubsystem.html">NX Graphics Subsystem</a></td>

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@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
<html>
<head>
<title>NXFLAT</title>
</head>
<body background="backgd.gif">
<hr><hr>
<table width ="100%">
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<h1><big><font color="#3c34ec"><i>NXFLAT</i></font></big></h1>
<h2><font color="#dc143c">&gt;&gt;&gt; Under Construction &lt;&lt;&lt;</font></h2>
<p>Last Updated: June 26, 2009</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr><hr>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<center><table width ="80%">
<tr>
<td>
<table>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#overview">1.0 Overview</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#functionality">1.1 Functionality</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#background">1.2 Background</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#limitations">1.3 Limitations</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#supported">1.4 Supported Processors</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#status">1.5 Development Status</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#toolchain">2.0 NXFLAT Toolchain</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#building">1.2 Building the NXFLAT Toolchain</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#mknxflat">1.2 mknxflat</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#ldnxflat">1.3 ldnxflat</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#making">1.4 Making an NXFLAT module</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#nogot">Appendix A. No GOT Operation</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#pictext">Appendix B. PIC Text Workaround</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="overview"><h1>1.0 Overview</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>f
<a name="functionality"><h2>1.1 Functionality</h2></a>
<p>
NXFLAT is a customized and simplified version of binary format implemented a few years ago called
<a HREF="http://xflat.sourceforge.net/">XFLAT</A>
With the NXFLAT binary format you will be able to do the following:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Place separately linked programs in a file system, and</li>
<li>Execute those programs by dynamically linking them to the base NuttX code.</li>
</ul>
<p>
This allows you to extend the NuttX base code after it has been written into FLASH.
One motivation for implementing NXFLAT is support clean CGI under an HTTPD server.
</p>
<p>
This feature is especially attractive when combined with the NuttX ROMFS support:
ROMFS allows you to execute programs in place (XIP) in flash without copying anything
other than the .data section to RAM.
In fact, the initial NXFLAT release will work only on ROMFS.
</p>
<p>
This NuttX feature includes:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
A dynamic loader that is built into the NuttX core
(See <a href="http://nuttx.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/nuttx/nuttx/binfmt/">CVS</a>).
</li>
<li>
Minor changes to RTOS to support position independent code, and
</li>
<li>
A linker to bind ELF binaries to produce the NXFLAT binary format
(See <a href="http://nuttx.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/nuttx/misc/buildroot/toolchain/nxflat">CVS).
</li>
</ul>
<a name="background"><h2>1.2 Background</h2></a>
<p>
NXFLAT is derived from <a href="http://xflat.sourceforge.net/">XFLAT</a>.
XFLAT is a toolchain add that provides full shared library and XIP executable
support for processors that have no Memory Management Unit (MMU).
NXFLAT is greatly simplified for the deeply embedded environment targeted by Nuttx:
</p>
<ul>
<li>NXFLAT does not support shared libraries, because</li>
<li>NXFLAT does not support <i>exportation</i> of symbol values from a module</li>
</ul>
<p>
Rather, the NXFLAT module only <i>imports</i> symbol values.
In the NXFLAT model, the (PIC<sup>1</sup>) NXFLAT module resides in a FLASH file system and
when it is loaded at run time, it is dynamically linked only to the (non-PIC) base NuttX
code:
The base NuttX <i>exports</i> a symbol table; the NXFLAT module <i>imports</i> those symbol value
to dynamically bind the module to the base code.
</p>
<p><sup>1</sup><small>&quot;Position Independent Code&quot;</small></p>
<a name="limitations"><h2>1.3 Limitations</h2></a>
<ul>
<li><b>ROMFS Only</b>.
The initial NXFLAT release will work only with executable modules residing on a ROMFS
file system.
That is because the loader depends on the capability to <code>mmap()</code> the code segment.
NUTTX does not provide any general kind of file mapping capability.
In fact, <i>true </i>file mapping is only possible with RTOSs and MCUs that provide an MMU<sup>1</sup>
and only ROMFS supports that kind of XIP execution from FLASH.
It is possible to simulate file mapping by allocating memory and copy the file into memory.
NXFLAT would work that kind of file mapping to and that feature could easily be added to NuttX.
</li>
<li><b>GCC/ARM/Cortex-M3 Only</b>
At present, the NXFLAT toolchain is only available for ARM and Cortex-M3 (thumb2) targets.
</li>
<li><b>Read-Only Data in RAM</b>
Read-only data must reside in RAM.
In code generated by GCC, all data references are indexed by the PIC<sup>2</sup> base register
(that is usually R10 or <i>sl</i> for the ARM processors).
The includes read-only data (<code>.rodata</code>).
Embedded firmware developers normally like to keep <code>.rodata</code> in FLASH with the code sections.
But because all data is referenced with the PIC base register, all of that data must lie in RAM.
A NXFLAT change to work around this is under investigation<sup>3</sup>.
</li>
<li><b>Globally Scoped Function Function Pointers</b>
If a function pointer is taken to a statically defined function, then (at least for ARM) GCC will
generate a relocation that NXFLAT cannot handle.
The workaround is make all such functions global in scope.
A fix would involve a change to the GCC compiler as described in <a href="#pictext">Appendix B</a>.
</li>
<li><b>No Callbacks</b>
Callbacks through function pointers must be avoided or, when then cannot be avoided, handled very specially.
The reason for this is that the PIC module requires setting of a special value in a PIC register.
If the callback does not set the PIC register, then the called back function will fail because
it will be unable to correct access data memory.
Special logic is in place to handle: Signal callbacks, watchdog timer callbacks.
But other callbacks (like those used with <code>qsort()</code> must be avoided in an NXFLAT module.
</li>
</ul>
<ul><p>
<sup>1</sup><small>&quot;Memory Management Unit&quot;</small><br>
<sup>2</sup><small>&quot;Position Independent Code&quot;</small><br>
<sup>3</sup><small>A work around is under consideration:
At run time, the <code>.rodata</code> offsets will be indexed by a RAM address.
If the dynamic loader were to offset those <code>.rodata</code> offsets properly, it
still might be possible to reference <code>.rodata</code> in ROM.
That work around is still a top of investigation at this time.</small>
</p></ul>
<a name="supported"><h2>1.4 Supported Processors</h2></a>
<p>
As mentioned <a href="#limitations">above</a>, the NXFLAT toolchain is only available for ARM and
Cortex-M3 (thumb2) targets.
Furthermore, NXFLAT has only been tested on the Eagle-100 LMS6918 Cortex-M3 board.
</p>
<a name="status"><h2>1.5 Development Status</h2></a>
<p>
The initial release of NXFLAT was made in NuttX version 0.4.9.
Testing is limited to the tests found under <code>examples/nxflat</code> in the source tree.
Some known problems exist
(see the <a href="http://nuttx.cvs.sourceforge.net/*checkout*/nuttx/nuttx/TODO">TODO</a> list).
As such, NXFLAT is currently in an early alpha phase.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="toolchain"><h1>2.0 NXFLAT Toolchain</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="building"><h2>1.2 Building the NXFLAT Toolchain</h2></a>
<p>
In order to use NXFLAT, you must use special NXFLAT tools to create the binary module in FLASH.
To do this, you will need to download the buildroot package and build it on your Linux or Cygwin machine.
The buildroot can be downloaded from
<a https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=189573&package_id=224585">Sourceforge</a>.
You will need version 0.1.7 or later.
</p>
<p>
Here are some general build instructions:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
You must have already configured Nuttx in <code>&lt;some-dir&gt;/nuttx</code>
<li>
<li>
Download the buildroot package <code>buildroot-0.x.y</code> into <code>&lt;some-dir&gt;</code>
<li>
<li>
Unpack <code>&lt;some-dir&gt;/buildroot-0.x.y.tar.gz</code> using a command like <code>tar zxf buildroot-0.x.y</code>.
This will result in a new directory like <code>&lt;some-dir&gt;/misc/buildroot-0.x.y</code>
</li>
<li>
Move this into position: <code>mv &lt;some-dir&gt;/misc/buildroot-0.x.y <code>&lt;some-dir&gt;/buildroot</code>
</li>
<li>
<code>cd <code>&lt;some-dir&gt;/buildroot</code>
</li>
<li>
Copy a configuration file into the top buildroot directory: <code>cp configs/abc-defconfig-x.y.z .config</code>.
</li>
<li>
Enable building of the NXFLAT tools by <code>make menuconfig</code>.
Select to build the NXFLAT toolchain with GCC (you can also select omit building GCC with and only build the
NXFLAT toolchain for use with your own GCC toolchain).
</li>
<li>
Make the toolchain: <code>make</code>.
When the make completes, the tool binaries will be available under
<code>&lt;some-dir&gt;/buildroot/build_abc/staging_dir/bin</code>
</li>
</ul>
<a name="mknxflat"><h2>1.2 mknxflat</h2></a>
<p>
<code>mknxflat</code> is used to build a <i>thunk</i> file.
See <a href="#making">below</a> for usage.
<ul><pre>
Usage: mknxflat [options] &lt;bfd-filename&gt;
Where options are one or more of the following. Note
that a space is always required between the option and
any following arguments.
-d Use dynamic symbol table. [symtab]
-f &lt;cmd-filename&gt;
Take next commands from &lt;cmd-filename&gt; [cmd-line]
-o &lt;out-filename&gt;
Output to <out-filename> [stdout]
-v Verbose output [no output]
-w Import weakly declared functions, i.e., weakly
declared functions are expected to be provided at
load-time [not imported]
</pre></ul>
<a name="ldnxflat"><h2>1.3 ldnxflat</h2></a>
<p>
<code>ldnxflat</code> is use to link your object files along with the <i>thunk</i> file
generated by <a href="#mknxflat"><code>mknxflat<code></a> to produce the NXFLAT binary module.
See <a href="#making">below</a> for usage.
</p>
<ul><pre>
Usage: ldnxflat [options] &lt;bfd-filename&gt;
Where options are one or more of the following. Note
that a space is always required between the option and
any following arguments.
-d Use dynamic symbol table [Default: symtab]
-e &lt;entry-point&gt;
Entry point to module [Default: _start]
-o &lt;out-filename&gt;
Output to &lt;out-filename&gt; [Default: &lt;bfd-filename&gt;.nxf]
-s &lt;stack-size&gt;
Set stack size to &lt;stack-size&gt; [Default: 4096]
-v Verbose output. If -v is applied twice, additional
debug output is enabled [Default: no verbose output].
</pre></ul>
<a name="making"><h2>1.4 Making an NXFLAT module</h2></a>
<p>
Below is a snippet from an NXFLAT make file (simplified from NuttX
<a href="http://nuttx.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/nuttx/nuttx/examples/nxflat/tests/hello/Makefile?revision=1.6">
Hello, World!</a> example.
<p>
<ul><table width="50%">
<ul><table>
<tr>
<th>Target 1</th>
<td><code>hello.r1:</code></td>
<td><code>hello.o</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><br></td>
<td><code>abc-elf-ld -r -d -warn-common -o $@ $^</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Target 2</th>
<td><code>hello-thunk.S:</code></td>
<td><code>hello.r1</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><br></td>
<td><code>mknxflat -o $@ $^</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Target 3</th>
<td><code>hello.r2:</code></td>
<td><code>hello-thunk.S</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<code>abc-elf-ld -r -d -warn-common -T binfmt/libnxflat/gnu-nxflat.ld -no-check-sections -o $@ hello.o hello-thunk.o</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Target 4</th>
<td><code>hello:</code></td>
<td><code>hello.r2</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><br></td>
<td><code>ldnxflat -e main -s 2048 -o $@ $^</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
</table></ul>
<p><b>Target 1</b>.
This target links all of the object files together into one relocation object.
In this case, there is only a single object file, <code>hello.o</code>, and it is linked to produce <code>hello.r1</code>.
</p>
<p><b>Target 2</b>.
Given <code>hello.r1</code>, this target will invoke <a href="#mknxflat"><code>mknxflat</code></a>
to make the <i>thunk</i> file, <code>hello-thunk.S</code>.
This <i>thunk</i> contains all of the information needed to create the imported function list.
</p>
<p><b>Target 3</b>
This this target is similar to <b>Target 1</b>.
In this case, it will link together the object file, <code>hello.o</code> along with the assembled <i>thunk</i> file,
<code>hello-thunk.o</code> to create another, single relocatable object, <code>hello.r2</code>.
The linker script, <code>gnu-nxflat.ld</code> is required at this point to correctly position the sections.
</p>
<p><b>Target 4</b>.
Finally, this target will use the <code>hello.r2</code> relocatable object to create the final, NXFLAT module
<code>hello</code> by calling <a href="#ldnxflat"><code>ldnxflat</code></a>.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="nogot"><h1>Appendix A. No GOT Operation</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
When GCC generate position independent code, new code sections will appear in your programs.
One of these the the GOT (Global Offset Table) and, in ELF environments, the PLT (Procedure
Lookup Table.
For example, if your C code generated (ARM) assembly language like this without PIC:
<p>
<ul><pre>
ldr r1, .L0 <-- Fetch the offset to 'x'
ldr r0, [r10, r1] <-- Load the value of 'x' with PIC
offset
...
.L0: .word x <-- Offset to 'x'
</pre></ul>
<p>
Then when PIC is enabled (say with the -fpic compiler option), it will generate code like
this:
</p>
<ul><pre>
ldr r1, .L0 <-- Fetch the offset to the GOT entry
ldr r1, [r10,r1] <-- Fetch the (relocated) address
of 'x' from the GOT
ldr r0, [r1, #0] <-- Fetch the value of 'x'
...
.L1 .word x(GOT) <-- Offset to entry in the GOT
</pre></ul>
<p>See <a href="http://xflat.sourceforge.net/NoMMUSharedLibs.html#shlibsgot">reference</a></p>
<p>
Notice that the generates an extra level of indirection through the GOT.
This indirection is not needed by NXFLAT and only adds more RAM usage and
execution time.
</p>
<p>
NXFLAT (like <a href="http://xflat.sourceforge.net/">XFLAT</a>) can work even better with
the GOT.
Patches again older version of GCC exist to eliminate the GOT indirections.
Several are available <a href="http://xflat.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/xflat/xflat/gcc/">here</a>
if you are inspired to port them to a new GCC version.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="pictext"><h1>Appendix B. PIC Text Workaround</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
There is a problem with the memory model in GCC that prevents it from
being used as you need to use it in the NXFLAT context.
The problem is that GCC PIC model assumes that the executable lies in a flat, contiguous (virtual) address space like:
<p>
<ul><table width="15%">
<tr><th>Virtual</th></td>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><code>.text</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><code>.got</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><code>.data</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><code>.bss</code></td>
</tr>
</table></ul>
<p>
It assumes that the PIC base register (usually r10 for ARM) points to the base of <code>.text</code>
so that any address in <code>.text</code>, <code>.got</code>, <code>.data</code>, <code>.bss</code>
can be found with an offset from the same base address.
But that is not the memory arrangement that we need in the XIP embedded environment.
We need two memory regions, one in FLASH containing shared code and on per task in RAM containing task-specific data:
</p>
<ul><table width="30%">
<tr><th>Flash</th><th>RAM</th></td>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><code>.text</code></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><code>.got</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><br></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><code>.data</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><br></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4"><code>.bss</code></td>
</tr>
</table></ul>
<p>
The PIC base register needs to point to the base of the <code>.got</code> and only
addresses in the <code>.got</code>, <code>.data</code>, and <code>.bss</code>
sections can be accessed as an offset from the PIC base register.
See also this
<a href="http://xflat.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/xflat/xflat/gcc/README?revision=1.1.1.1">XFLAT discussion</a>.
</p>
<p>
Patches again older version of GCC exist to correct this GCC behavior.
Several are available <a href="http://xflat.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/xflat/xflat/gcc/">here</a>
if you are inspired to port them to a new GCC version.
</p>
</body>
</html>

View File

@ -923,3 +923,17 @@ This is the 40th release of NuttX. This release adds:
This tarball contains a complete CVS snapshot from June 13, 2009. This tarball contains a complete CVS snapshot from June 13, 2009.
nuttx-0.4.9
^^^^^^^^^^^
This is the 41st release of NuttX. This release adds:
* Support for a new binary format call NXFLAT that can be used to
execute separately linked programs in place in a file system.
See http://www.nuttx.org/NuttXNxFlat.html.
* Several important bugs were files related to networking and ROMFS
(see the ChangeLog for a complete list).
This tarball contains a complete CVS snapshot from June 26, 2009.

48
TODO
View File

@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
NuttX TODO List (Last updated June 19, 2009) NuttX TODO List (Last updated June 26, 2009)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(5) Task/Scheduler (sched/) (5) Task/Scheduler (sched/)
@ -6,15 +6,16 @@ NuttX TODO List (Last updated June 19, 2009)
(1) Signals (sched/, arch/) (1) Signals (sched/, arch/)
(1) pthreads (sched/) (1) pthreads (sched/)
(1) C++ Support (1) C++ Support
(5) Binary loaders (binfmt/)
(12) Network (net/, netutils/) (12) Network (net/, netutils/)
(1) USB (drivers/usbdev) (1) USB (drivers/usbdev)
(4) Libraries (lib/) (4) Libraries (lib/)
(8) File system/Generic drivers (fs/, drivers/) (8) File system/Generic drivers (fs/, drivers/)
(2) Graphics subystem (graphics/) (2) Graphics subystem (graphics/)
(1) Pascal add-on (pcode/) (1) Pascal add-on (pcode/)
(0) Documentation (Documentation/) (2) Documentation (Documentation/)
(6) Build system / Toolchains (6) Build system / Toolchains
(2) NuttShell (NSH) (examples/nsh) (3) NuttShell (NSH) (examples/nsh)
(3) Other Applications & Tests (examples/) (3) Other Applications & Tests (examples/)
(2) Linux/Cywgin simulation (arch/sim) (2) Linux/Cywgin simulation (arch/sim)
(3) ARM (arch/arm/) (3) ARM (arch/arm/)
@ -102,6 +103,39 @@ o C++ Support
constructor logic will probably have to be performed by constructor logic will probably have to be performed by
user logic in user_start(). user logic in user_start().
o Binary loaders (binfmt/)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Description: Not all of the NXFLAT test under examples/nxflat are working.
Most simply do not compile yet. tests/mutex runs okay but
outputs garbage on completion.
Status: Open
Priority: High
Description: The ARM up_getpicbase() does not seem to work. This means
the some features like wdog's might not work in NXFLAT modules.
Status: Open
Priority: Medium-High
Description: At present, all .rodata must be put into RAM. There is a
tentative design change that might allow .rodata to be placed
in FLASH (see Documentation/NuttXNxFlat.html).
Status: Open
Priority: Medium
Description: If the function pointer to a statically defined function is
taken, then GCC generates a relocation that cannot be handled
by NXFLAT. There is a solution described in Documentataion/NuttXNxFlat.html,
by that would require a compiler change (which we want to avoid).
The simple workaround is to make such functions global in scope.
Status: Open
Priority: Low (probably will not fix)
Description: In the NXFLAT symbol tables... Using a 32-bit hash value instead
of a string to identify a symbol should result in a smaller footprint.
Status: Open
Priority: Low
o Network (net/, netutils/) o Network (net/, netutils/)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -325,6 +359,10 @@ o Documentation (Documentation/)
Status: Open Status: Open
Priority: Low Priority: Low
Description: Need to document binary loader APIs
Status: Open
Priority: Low
o Build system o Build system
^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -378,6 +416,10 @@ o NuttShell (NSH) (examples/nsh)
Status: Open Status: Open
Priority: Med-High Priority: Med-High
Description: Add support to NSH to run NXFLAT programs from a ROMFS file system
Status: Open
Priority: Low
o Other Applications & Tests (examples/) o Other Applications & Tests (examples/)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

View File

@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ examples/nxflat
This example builds a small NXFLAT test case. This includes several This example builds a small NXFLAT test case. This includes several
test programs under examples/nxflat tests. These tests are build using test programs under examples/nxflat tests. These tests are build using
the NXFLAT format and installed in a ROMFS file system. At run time, the NXFLAT format and installed in a ROMFS file system. At run time,
each program int eh ROMFS file system is executed. each program in the ROMFS file system is executed. Requires CONFIG_NXFLAT.
examples/null examples/null
^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^