README ^^^^^^ This README discusses issues unique to NuttX configurations for the Atmel SAM3U-EK development board. Contents ^^^^^^^^ - Development Environment - GNU Toolchain Options - IDEs - NuttX buildroot Toolchain - LEDs - SAM3U-EK-specific Configuration Options - Configurations Development Environment ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Either Linux or Cygwin on Windows can be used for the development environment. The source has been built only using the GNU toolchain (see below). Other toolchains will likely cause problems. Testing was performed using the Cygwin environment. GNU Toolchain Options ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The NuttX make system has been modified to support the following different toolchain options. 1. The CodeSourcery GNU toolchain, 2. The devkitARM GNU toolchain, ok 4. The NuttX buildroot Toolchain (see below). All testing has been conducted using the NuttX buildroot toolchain. However, the make system is setup to default to use the devkitARM toolchain. To use the CodeSourcery, devkitARM or Raisonance GNU toolchain, you simply need to add one of the following configuration options to your .config (or defconfig) file: CONFIG_SAM3U_CODESOURCERYW=y : CodeSourcery under Windows CONFIG_SAM3U_CODESOURCERYL=y : CodeSourcery under Linux CONFIG_SAM3U_DEVKITARM=y : devkitARM under Windows CONFIG_SAM3U_BUILDROOT=y : NuttX buildroot under Linux or Cygwin (default) If you are not using CONFIG_SAM3U_BUILDROOT, then you may also have to modify the PATH in the setenv.h file if your make cannot find the tools. NOTE: the CodeSourcery (for Windows), devkitARM, and Raisonance toolchains are Windows native toolchains. The CodeSourcey (for Linux) and NuttX buildroot toolchains are Cygwin and/or Linux native toolchains. There are several limitations to using a Windows based toolchain in a Cygwin environment. The three biggest are: 1. The Windows toolchain cannot follow Cygwin paths. Path conversions are performed automatically in the Cygwin makefiles using the 'cygpath' utility but you might easily find some new path problems. If so, check out 'cygpath -w' 2. Windows toolchains cannot follow Cygwin symbolic links. Many symbolic links are used in Nuttx (e.g., include/arch). The make system works around these problems for the Windows tools by copying directories instead of linking them. But this can also cause some confusion for you: For example, you may edit a file in a "linked" directory and find that your changes had no effect. That is because you are building the copy of the file in the "fake" symbolic directory. If you use a Windows toolchain, you should get in the habit of making like this: make clean_context all An alias in your .bashrc file might make that less painful. 3. Dependencies are not made when using Windows versions of the GCC. This is because the dependencies are generated using Windows pathes which do not work with the Cygwin make. Support has been added for making dependencies with the windows-native toolchains. That support can be enabled by modifying your Make.defs file as follows: - MKDEP = $(TOPDIR)/tools/mknulldeps.sh + MKDEP = $(TOPDIR)/tools/mkdeps.sh --winpaths "$(TOPDIR)" If you have problems with the dependency build (for example, if you are not building on C:), then you may need to modify tools/mkdeps.sh NOTE 1: The CodeSourcery toolchain (2009q1) does not work with default optimization level of -Os (See Make.defs). It will work with -O0, -O1, or -O2, but not with -Os. NOTE 2: The devkitARM toolchain includes a version of MSYS make. Make sure that the paths to Cygwin's /bin and /usr/bin directories appear BEFORE the devkitARM path or will get the wrong version of make. IDEs ^^^^ NuttX is built using command-line make. It can be used with an IDE, but some effort will be required to create the project (There is a simple RIDE project in the RIDE subdirectory). Makefile Build -------------- Under Eclipse, it is pretty easy to set up an "empty makefile project" and simply use the NuttX makefile to build the system. That is almost for free under Linux. Under Windows, you will need to set up the "Cygwin GCC" empty makefile project in order to work with Windows (Google for "Eclipse Cygwin" - there is a lot of help on the internet). Native Build ------------ Here are a few tips before you start that effort: 1) Select the toolchain that you will be using in your .config file 2) Start the NuttX build at least one time from the Cygwin command line before trying to create your project. This is necessary to create certain auto-generated files and directories that will be needed. 3) Set up include pathes: You will need include/, arch/arm/src/sam3u, arch/arm/src/common, arch/arm/src/armv7-m, and sched/. 4) All assembly files need to have the definition option -D __ASSEMBLY__ on the command line. Startup files will probably cause you some headaches. The NuttX startup file is arch/arm/src/sam3u/sam3u_vectors.S. You may need to build NuttX one time from the Cygwin command line in order to obtain the pre-built startup object needed by RIDE. NuttX buildroot Toolchain ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ A GNU GCC-based toolchain is assumed. The files */setenv.sh should be modified to point to the correct path to the Cortex-M3 GCC toolchain (if different from the default in your PATH variable). If you have no Cortex-M3 toolchain, one can be downloaded from the NuttX SourceForge download site (https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=189573). This GNU toolchain builds and executes in the Linux or Cygwin environment. 1. You must have already configured Nuttx in /nuttx. cd tools ./configure.sh sam3u-ek/ 2. Download the latest buildroot package into 3. unpack the buildroot tarball. The resulting directory may have versioning information on it like buildroot-x.y.z. If so, rename /buildroot-x.y.z to /buildroot. 4. cd /buildroot 5. cp configs/cortexm3-defconfig-4.3.3 .config 6. make oldconfig 7. make 8. Edit setenv.h, if necessary, so that the PATH variable includes the path to the newly built binaries. See the file configs/README.txt in the buildroot source tree. That has more detailed PLUS some special instructions that you will need to follow if you are building a Cortex-M3 toolchain for Cygwin under Windows. LEDs ^^^^ The SAM3U-EK board has four LEDs labeled LD1, LD2, LD3 and LD4 on the the board. Usage of these LEDs is defined in include/board.h and src/up_leds.c. They are encoded as follows: SYMBOL Meaning LED0* LED1 LED2 ------------------- ----------------------- ------- ------- ------- LED_STARTED NuttX has been started OFF OFF OFF LED_HEAPALLOCATE Heap has been allocated OFF OFF ON LED_IRQSENABLED Interrupts enabled OFF ON OFF LED_STACKCREATED Idle stack created OFF ON ON LED_INIRQ In an interrupt** N/C FLASH N/C LED_SIGNAL In a signal handler*** N/C N/C FLASH LED_ASSERTION An assertion failed FLASH N/C N/C LED_PANIC The system has crashed FLASH N/C N/C * If LED1 and LED2 are statically on, then NuttX probably failed to boot and these LEDs will give you some indication of where the failure was ** The normal state is LED0=OFF, LED2=ON and LED1 faintly glowing. This faint glow is because of timer interupts that result in the LED being illuminated on a small proportion of the time. *** LED2 may also flicker normally if signals are processed. SAM3U-EK-specific Configuration Options ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ CONFIG_ARCH - Identifies the arch/ subdirectory. This should be set to: CONFIG_ARCH=arm CONFIG_ARCH_family - For use in C code: CONFIG_ARCH_ARM=y CONFIG_ARCH_architecture - For use in C code: CONFIG_ARCH_CORTEXM3=y CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP - Identifies the arch/*/chip subdirectory CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP=sam3u CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP_name - For use in C code to identify the exact chip: CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP_AT91SAM3U4 CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD - Identifies the configs subdirectory and hence, the board that supports the particular chip or SoC. CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD=sam3u_ek (for the SAM3U-EK development board) CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD_name - For use in C code CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD_SAM3UEK=y CONFIG_ARCH_LOOPSPERMSEC - Must be calibrated for correct operation of delay loops CONFIG_ENDIAN_BIG - define if big endian (default is little endian) CONFIG_DRAM_SIZE - Describes the installed DRAM (SRAM in this case): CONFIG_DRAM_SIZE=0x0000c000 (48Kb) CONFIG_DRAM_START - The start address of installed DRAM CONFIG_DRAM_START=0x20000000 CONFIG_ARCH_IRQPRIO - The SAM3UF103Z supports interrupt prioritization CONFIG_ARCH_IRQPRIO=y CONFIG_ARCH_LEDS - Use LEDs to show state. Unique to boards that have LEDs CONFIG_ARCH_INTERRUPTSTACK - This architecture supports an interrupt stack. If defined, this symbol is the size of the interrupt stack in bytes. If not defined, the user task stacks will be used during interrupt handling. CONFIG_ARCH_STACKDUMP - Do stack dumps after assertions CONFIG_ARCH_LEDS - Use LEDs to show state. Unique to board architecture. CONFIG_ARCH_CALIBRATION - Enables some build in instrumentation that cause a 100 second delay during boot-up. This 100 second delay serves no purpose other than it allows you to calibratre CONFIG_ARCH_LOOPSPERMSEC. You simply use a stop watch to measure the 100 second delay then adjust CONFIG_ARCH_LOOPSPERMSEC until the delay actually is 100 seconds. Individual subsystems can be enabled: CONFIG_SAM3U_DMA CONFIG_SAM3U_HSMCI CONFIG_SAM3U_NAND CONFIG_SAM3U_SPI CONFIG_SAM3U_UART CONFIG_SAM3U_USART0 CONFIG_SAM3U_USART1 CONFIG_SAM3U_USART2 CONFIG_SAM3U_USART3 Some subsystems can be configured to operate in different ways. The drivers need to know how to configure the subsystem. CONFIG_GPIOA_IRQ CONFIG_GPIOB_IRQ CONFIG_GPIOC_IRQ CONFIG_USART0_ISUART CONFIG_USART1_ISUART CONFIG_USART2_ISUART CONFIG_USART3_ISUART AT91SAM3U specific device driver settings CONFIG_U[S]ARTn_SERIAL_CONSOLE - selects the USARTn (n=0,1,2,3) or UART m (m=4,5) for the console and ttys0 (default is the USART1). CONFIG_U[S]ARTn_RXBUFSIZE - Characters are buffered as received. This specific the size of the receive buffer CONFIG_U[S]ARTn_TXBUFSIZE - Characters are buffered before being sent. This specific the size of the transmit buffer CONFIG_U[S]ARTn_BAUD - The configure BAUD of the UART. Must be CONFIG_U[S]ARTn_BITS - The number of bits. Must be either 7 or 8. CONFIG_U[S]ARTn_PARTIY - 0=no parity, 1=odd parity, 2=even parity CONFIG_U[S]ARTn_2STOP - Two stop bits LCD Options. Other than the standard LCD configuration options (see configs/README.txt), the SAM3U-EK driver also supports: CONFIG_LCD_PORTRAIT - Present the display in the standard 240x320 "Portrait" orientation. Default: The display is rotated to support a 320x240 "Landscape" orientation. Configurations ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Each SAM3U-EK configuration is maintained in a sudirectory and can be selected as follow: cd tools ./configure.sh sam3u-ek/ cd - . ./setenv.sh Before sourcing the setenv.sh file above, you should examine it and perform edits as necessary so that BUILDROOT_BIN is the correct path to the directory than holds your toolchain binaries. And then build NuttX by simply typing the following. At the conclusion of the make, the nuttx binary will reside in an ELF file called, simply, nuttx. make The that is provided above as an argument to the tools/configure.sh must be is one of the following: knsh: This is identical to the nsh configuration below except that NuttX is built as a kernel-mode, monolithic module and the user applications are built separately. This build requires a special make command; not just 'make' but make with the following two arguments: make pass1 pass2 This is required because in the normal case (just 'make'), make will create all dependencies then execute the pass1 and pass2 targets. But this example, pass2 depends on auto-generatd files produced during pass1. This specall make command ('make pass1 pass2') will make the dependencies separately for each pass. At there end of the build, there four files will top-level build directory: nuttx_user.elf - The pass1 ELF file nuttx - The pass2 ELF file nuttx_user.hex - The pass1 Intel HEX format file nuttx.hex - The pass2 Intel HEX file The J-Link program will except files in .hex, .mot, .srec, and .bin formats. nsh: Configures the NuttShell (nsh) located at examples/nsh. The Configuration enables both the serial and telnetd NSH interfaces. nx: Configures to use examples/nx using the HX834x LCD hardwar on the SAM3U-EK development board. ostest: This configuration directory, performs a simple OS test using examples/ostest. By default, this project assumes that you are using the DFU bootloader. touchscreen: This configuration implements an NSH configuratin with several built-in applications. The configuration is called touchscreen because we intend to use this configuration to develop the SAM3U-EK touchscreen. However, there is no touchscreen driver in place as of this writing.