/**************************************************************************** * include/dsp.h * * Copyright (C) 2018 Gregory Nutt. All rights reserved. * Author: Mateusz Szafoni * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the * distribution. * 3. Neither the name NuttX nor the names of its contributors may be * used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * ****************************************************************************/ #ifndef __INCLUDE_DSP_H #define __INCLUDE_DSP_H /**************************************************************************** * Included Files ****************************************************************************/ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /**************************************************************************** * Pre-processor Definitions ****************************************************************************/ /* Disable DEBUGASSERT macro if LIBDSP debug is not enabled */ #ifdef CONFIG_LIBDSP_DEBUG # ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS # warning "Need CONFIG_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS to work properly" # endif #else # undef DEBUGASSERT # define DEBUGASSERT(x) #endif #ifndef CONFIG_LIBDSP_PRECISION # define CONFIG_LIBDSP_PRECISION 0 #endif #if !defined(CONFIG_LIBM) && !defined(CONFIG_ARCH_MATH_H) # error math.h not defined! #endif /* Phase rotation direction */ #define DIR_CW (1.0f) #define DIR_CCW (-1.0f) /* Some math constants ******************************************************/ #define SQRT3_BY_TWO_F (0.866025f) #define SQRT3_BY_THREE_F (0.57735f) #define ONE_BY_SQRT3_F (0.57735f) #define TWO_BY_SQRT3_F (1.15470f) /* Some lib constants *******************************************************/ /* Motor electrical angle is in range 0.0 to 2*PI */ #define MOTOR_ANGLE_E_MAX (2.0f*M_PI_F) #define MOTOR_ANGLE_E_MIN (0.0f) #define MOTOR_ANGLE_E_RANGE (MOTOR_ANGLE_E_MAX - MOTOR_ANGLE_E_MIN) /* Motor mechanical angle is in range 0.0 to 2*PI */ #define MOTOR_ANGLE_M_MAX (2.0f*M_PI_F) #define MOTOR_ANGLE_M_MIN (0.0f) #define MOTOR_ANGLE_M_RANGE (MOTOR_ANGLE_M_MAX - MOTOR_ANGLE_M_MIN) /* Some useful macros *******************************************************/ /**************************************************************************** * Name: LP_FILTER * * Description: * Simple single-pole digital low pass filter: * Y(n) = (1-beta)*Y(n-1) + beta*X(n) = (beta * (Y(n-1) - X(n))) * * filter - (0.0 - 1.0) where 1.0 gives unfiltered values * filter = T * (2*PI) * f_c * * phase shift = -arctan(f_in/f_c) * * T - period at which the digital filter is being calculated * f_in - input frequency of the filter * f_c - cutoff frequency of the filter * * REFERENCE: https://www.embeddedrelated.com/showarticle/779.php * ****************************************************************************/ #define LP_FILTER(val, sample, filter) val -= (filter * (val - sample)) /**************************************************************************** * Name: SVM3_BASE_VOLTAGE_GET * * Description: * Get maximum voltage for SVM3 without overmodulation * * Notes: * max possible phase voltage for 3-phase power inwerter: * Vd = (2/3)*Vdc * max phase reference voltage according to SVM modulation diagram: * Vrefmax = Vd * cos(30*) = SQRT3_BY_2 * Vd * which give us: * Vrefmax = SQRT3_BY_3 * Vdc * * Vdc - bus voltage * ****************************************************************************/ #define SVM3_BASE_VOLTAGE_GET(vbus) (vbus * SQRT3_BY_THREE_F) /**************************************************************************** * Public Types ****************************************************************************/ /* This structure represents phase angle. * Besides angle value it also stores sine and cosine values for given angle. */ struct phase_angle_s { float angle; /* Phase angle in radians <0, 2PI> */ float sin; /* Phase angle sine */ float cos; /* Phase angle cosine */ }; typedef struct phase_angle_s phase_angle_t; /* This structure stores motor angles and corresponding sin and cos values * * th_el = th_m * pole_pairs * th_m = th_el/pole_pairs * * where: * th_el - motor electrical angle * th_m - motor mechanical angle * pole_pairs - motor pole pairs * * NOTE: pole_pairs = poles_total/2 */ struct motor_angle_s { phase_angle_t angle_el; /* Electrical angle */ float anglem; /* Mechanical angle in radians <0, 2PI> */ float one_by_p; /* Aux variable */ uint8_t p; /* Number of the motor pole pairs */ int8_t i; /* Pole counter */ }; /* Float number saturaton */ struct float_sat_s { float min; /* Lower limit */ float max; /* Upper limit */ }; typedef struct float_sat_s float_sat_t; /* PI/PID controller state structure */ struct pid_controller_s { float out; /* Controller output */ float_sat_t sat; /* Output saturation */ float err; /* Current error value */ float err_prev; /* Previous error value */ float KP; /* Proportional coefficient */ float KI; /* Integral coefficient */ float KD; /* Derivative coefficient */ float part[3]; /* 0 - proporitonal part * 1 - integral part * 2 - derivative part */ }; typedef struct pid_controller_s pid_controller_t; /* This structure represents the ABC frame (3 phase vector) */ struct abc_frame_s { float a; /* A component */ float b; /* B component */ float c; /* C component */ }; typedef struct abc_frame_s abc_frame_t; /* This structure represents the alpha-beta frame (2 phase vector) */ struct ab_frame_s { float a; /* Alpha component */ float b; /* Beta component */ }; typedef struct ab_frame_s ab_frame_t; /* This structure represent the direct-quadrature frame */ struct dq_frame_s { float d; /* Driect component */ float q; /* Quadrature component */ }; typedef struct dq_frame_s dq_frame_t; /* Space Vector Modulation data for 3-phase system */ struct svm3_state_s { uint8_t sector; /* Current space vector sector */ float d_u; /* Duty cycle for phase U */ float d_v; /* Duty cycle for phase V */ float d_w; /* Duty cycle for phase W */ float d_max; /* Duty cycle max */ float d_min; /* Duty cycle min */ }; /* Motor open-loop control data */ struct openloop_data_s { float max; /* Open-loop max speed */ float angle; /* Open-loop current angle normalized to <0.0, 2PI> */ float per; /* Open-loop control execution period */ }; /* Common motor observer structure */ struct motor_observer_s { float angle; /* Estimated observer angle */ float speed; /* Estimated observer speed */ float per; /* Observer execution period */ float angle_err; /* Observer angle error. * This can be used to gradually eliminate * error between openloop angle and observer * angle */ /* There are different types of motor observers which different * sets of private data. */ void *so; /* Speed estimation observer data */ void *ao; /* Angle estimation observer data */ }; /* Speed observer division method data */ struct motor_sobserver_div_s { float angle_diff; /* Mechanical angle difference */ float angle_acc; /* Accumulated mechanical angle */ float angle_prev; /* Previous mechanical angle */ float one_by_dt; /* Frequency of observer execution */ float cntr; /* Sample counter */ float samples; /* Number of samples for observer */ float filter; /* Low-pass filter for final omega */ }; /* Speed observer PLL method data */ #if 0 struct motor_sobserver_pll_s { /* TODO */ }; #endif /* Motor Sliding Mode Observer private data */ struct motor_observer_smo_s { float k_slide; /* Bang-bang controller gain */ float err_max; /* Linear mode threshold */ float F; /* Current observer F gain (1-Ts*R/L) */ float G; /* Current observer G gain (Ts/L) */ float emf_lp_filter1; /* Adaptive first low pass EMF filter */ float emf_lp_filter2; /* Adaptive second low pass EMF filter */ ab_frame_t emf; /* Estimated back-EMF */ ab_frame_t emf_f; /* Fitlered estimated back-EMF */ ab_frame_t z; /* Correction factor */ ab_frame_t i_est; /* Estimated idq current */ ab_frame_t v_err; /* v_err = v_ab - emf */ ab_frame_t i_err; /* i_err = i_est - i_dq */ ab_frame_t sign; /* Bang-bang controller sign */ }; /* Motor physical parameters. * This data structure was designed to work with BLDC/PMSM motors, * but probably can be used to describe different types of motors. */ struct motor_phy_params_s { uint8_t p; /* Number of the motor pole pairs */ float res; /* Phase-to-neutral temperature compensated * resistance */ float res_base; /* Phase-to-neutral base resistance */ float res_alpha; /* Temperature coefficient of resistance */ float res_temp_ref; /* Reference temperature of alpha */ float ind; /* Average phase-to-neutral inductance */ float one_by_ind; /* Inverse phase-to-neutral inductance */ }; /* Field oriented control (FOC) data * REVISIT: */ struct foc_data_s { abc_frame_t v_abc; /* Voltage in ABC frame */ ab_frame_t v_ab; /* Voltage in alpha-beta frame */ dq_frame_t v_dq; /* Voltage in dq frame */ ab_frame_t v_ab_mod; /* Modulation voltage normalized to * magnitude (0.0, 1.0) */ abc_frame_t i_abc; /* Current in ABC frame */ ab_frame_t i_ab; /* Current in apha-beta frame */ dq_frame_t i_dq; /* Current in dq frame */ dq_frame_t i_dq_err; /* DQ current error */ dq_frame_t i_dq_ref; /* Current dq reference frame */ pid_controller_t id_pid; /* Current d-axis component PI controller */ pid_controller_t iq_pid; /* Current q-axis component PI controller */ float vdq_mag_max; /* Maximum dq voltage magnitude */ float vab_mod_scale; /* Voltage alpha-beta modulation scale */ }; /**************************************************************************** * Public Functions Prototypes ****************************************************************************/ #undef EXTERN #if defined(__cplusplus) #define EXTERN extern "C" extern "C" { #else #define EXTERN extern #endif /* Math functions */ float fast_sin(float angle); float fast_sin2(float angle); float fast_cos(float angle); float fast_cos2(float angle); float fast_atan2(float y, float x); void f_saturate(FAR float *val, float min, float max); float vector2d_mag(float x, float y); void vector2d_saturate(FAR float *x, FAR float *y, float max); void dq_saturate(FAR dq_frame_t *dq, float max); float dq_mag(FAR dq_frame_t *dq); /* PID controller functions */ void pid_controller_init(FAR pid_controller_t *pid, float KP, float KI, float KD); void pi_controller_init(FAR pid_controller_t *pid, float KP, float KI); void pid_saturation_set(FAR pid_controller_t *pid, float min, float max); void pi_saturation_set(FAR pid_controller_t *pid, float min, float max); void pid_integral_reset(FAR pid_controller_t *pid); void pi_integral_reset(FAR pid_controller_t *pid); float pi_controller(FAR pid_controller_t *pid, float err); float pid_controller(FAR pid_controller_t *pid, float err); /* Transformation functions */ void clarke_transform(FAR abc_frame_t *abc, FAR ab_frame_t *ab); void inv_clarke_transform(FAR ab_frame_t *ab, FAR abc_frame_t *abc); void park_transform(FAR phase_angle_t *angle, FAR ab_frame_t *ab, FAR dq_frame_t *dq); void inv_park_transform(FAR phase_angle_t *angle, FAR dq_frame_t *dq, FAR ab_frame_t *ab); /* Phase angle related functions */ void angle_norm(FAR float *angle, float per, float bottom, float top); void angle_norm_2pi(FAR float *angle, float bottom, float top); void phase_angle_update(FAR struct phase_angle_s *angle, float val); /* 3-phase system space vector modulation */ void svm3_init(FAR struct svm3_state_s *s, float min, float max); void svm3(FAR struct svm3_state_s *s, FAR ab_frame_t *ab); void svm3_current_correct(FAR struct svm3_state_s *s, int32_t *c0, int32_t *c1, int32_t *c2); /* Field Oriented control */ void foc_vbase_update(FAR struct foc_data_s *foc, float vbase); void foc_idq_ref_set(FAR struct foc_data_s *data, float d, float q); void foc_init(FAR struct foc_data_s *data, float id_kp, float id_ki, float iq_kp, float iq_ki); void foc_process(FAR struct foc_data_s *foc, FAR abc_frame_t *i_abc, FAR phase_angle_t *angle); /* BLDC/PMSM motor observers */ void motor_observer_init(FAR struct motor_observer_s *observer, FAR void *ao, FAR void *so, float per); float motor_observer_speed_get(FAR struct motor_observer_s *o); float motor_observer_angle_get(FAR struct motor_observer_s *o); void motor_observer_smo_init(FAR struct motor_observer_smo_s *smo, float kslide, float err_max); void motor_observer_smo(FAR struct motor_observer_s *o, FAR ab_frame_t *i_ab, FAR ab_frame_t *v_ab, FAR struct motor_phy_params_s *phy, float dir); void motor_sobserver_div_init(FAR struct motor_sobserver_div_s *so, uint8_t samples, float filer, float per); void motor_sobserver_div(FAR struct motor_observer_s *o, float angle, float dir); /* Motor openloop control */ void motor_openloop_init(FAR struct openloop_data_s *op, float max, float per); void motor_openloop(FAR struct openloop_data_s *op, float speed, float dir); float motor_openloop_angle_get(FAR struct openloop_data_s *op); /* Motor angle */ void motor_angle_init(FAR struct motor_angle_s *angle, uint8_t p); void motor_angle_e_update(FAR struct motor_angle_s *angle, float angle_new, float dir); void motor_angle_m_update(FAR struct motor_angle_s *angle, float angle_new, float dir); float motor_angle_m_get(FAR struct motor_angle_s *angle); float motor_angle_e_get(FAR struct motor_angle_s *angle); /* Motor physical parameters functions */ void motor_phy_params_init(FAR struct motor_phy_params_s *phy, uint8_t poles, float res, float ind); void motor_phy_params_temp_set(FAR struct motor_phy_params_s *phy, float res_alpha, float res_temp_ref); #undef EXTERN #if defined(__cplusplus) } #endif #endif /* __INCLUDE_DSP_H */