README
^^^^^^
o Installation
- Installing Cygwin
- Download and Unpack
- Semi-Optional apps/ Package
- Installation Directories with Spaces in the Path
- A Note about Header Files
o Configuring NuttX
o Toolchains
- Cross-Development Toolchains
- NuttX Buildroot Toolchain
o Shells
o Building NuttX
- Building
- Re-building
o Documentation
INSTALLATION
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Installing Cygwin
NuttX may be installed and built on a Linux system or on a Windows
system if Cygwin is installed. Installing Cygwin on your Windows PC
is simple, but time consuming. See http://www.cygwin.com/ for
installation instructions. Basically you just need to download a
tiny setup.exe program and it does the real, internet installation
for you.
Some Cygwin installation tips:
1. Install at C:\cygwin
2. Install EVERYTHING: "Only the minimal base packages from the
Cygwin distribution are installed by default. Clicking on categories
and packages in the setup.exe package installation screen will
provide you with the ability to control what is installed or updated.
Clicking on the "Default" field next to the "All" category will
provide you with the opportunity to install every Cygwin package.
Be advised that this will download and install hundreds of megabytes
to your computer."
If you use the "default" installation, you will be missing many
of the Cygwin utilities that you will need to build NuttX. The
build will fail in numerous places because of missing packages.
After installing Cygwin, you will get lots of links for installed
tools and shells. I use the RXVT native shell. It is fast and reliable
and does not require you to run the Cygwin X server (which is neither
fast nor reliable). The rest of these instructions assume that you
are at a bash command line prompt in either Linux or in Cygwin shell.
Download and Unpack:
Download and unpack the NuttX tarball. If you are reading this, then
you have probably already done that. After unpacking, you will end
up with a directory called nuttx-version (where version is the NuttX
version number). You might want to rename that directory nuttx to
match the various instructions in the documentation and some scripts
in the source tree.
Semi-Optional apps/ Package:
All NuttX libraries and example code used to be in included within
the NuttX source tree. As of NuttX-6.0, this application code was
moved into a separate tarball, the apps tarball. If you are just
beginning with NuttX, then you will want to download the versioned
apps tarball along with the NuttX tarball. If you already have your
own product application directory, then you may not need the apps
tarball.
It is call "Semi-optional" because if you don't have some apps/
directory, NuttX will *fail* to build!
Download the unpack the apps tarball in the same directly where you
unpacked the NuttX tarball. After you unpack the apps tarball, you
will have a new directory called apps-version (where the version
should exactly match the version of the NuttX tarball). Again, you
might want to rename the directory to simply apps/ to match what
you read in the documentation
After unpacking the apps tarball, you will have two directories side
by side like this:
|
+----+----+
| |
nuttx/ apps/
This is important because the NuttX build will expect to find the
apps directory in that (default) location. )That default location
can be changed by editing your NuttX configuration file, but that
is another story).
Installation Directories with Spaces in the Path:
The nuttx build directory should reside in a path that contains no
spaces in any higher level directory name. For example, under
Cygwin, your home directory might be formed from your first and last
names like: "/home/First Last". That will cause strange errors when
the make system tries to build.
[Actually, that problem is probably not to difficult to fix. Some
Makefiles probably just need some paths within double quotes]
I work around spaces in the home directory name, by creating a
new directory that does not contain any spaces, such as /home/nuttx.
Then I install NuttX in /home/nuttx and always build from
/home/nuttx/nuttx.
A Note about Header Files:
Some toolchains are built with header files extracted from a C-library
distribution (such as newlib). For those toolchains, NuttX must be
compiled without using the standard header files that are distributed
with your toolchain. This prevents including conflicting, incompatible
header files (such as stdio.h).
Certain header files, such as setjmp.h and varargs.h, may still be
needed from your toolchain, however. If that is the case, one solution
is to copy those header file from your toolchain into the NuttX include
directory.
Also, if you prefer to use the stdint.h and stdbool.h header files from
your toolchain, those could be copied into the include/ directory too.
Using most other header files from your toolchain would probably cause
errors.
CONFIGURING NUTTX
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
"Canned" NuttX configuration files are retained in:
configs/<board-name>/<config-dir>
Where <board-name> is the name of your development board and <config-dir>.
Configuring NuttX requires only copying three files from the <config-dir>
to the directly where you installed NuttX (TOPDIR):
Copy configs/<board-name>/<config-dir>/Make.def to ${TOPDIR}/Make.defs
Make.defs describes the rules needed by you tool chain to compile
and link code. You may need to modify this file to match the
specific needs of your toolchain.
Copy configs/<board-name>/<config-dir>/setenv.sh to ${TOPDIR}/setenv.sh
setenv.sh is an optional convenience file that I use to set
the PATH variable to the toolchain binaries. You may chose to
use setenv.sh or not. If you use it, then it may need to be
modified to include the path to your toolchain binaries.
Copy configs/<board-name>/<config-dir>/defconfig to ${TOPDIR}/.config
The defconfig file holds the actual build configuration. This
file is included by all other make files to determine what is
included in the build and what is not. This file is also used
to generate a C configuration header at include/nuttx/config.h.
General information about configuring NuttX can be found in:
${TOPDIR}/configs/README.txt
${TOPDIR}/configs/<board-name>/README.txt
There is a configuration script in the tools/ directory that makes this
easier. It is used as follows:
cd ${TOPDIR}/tools
./configure.sh <board-name>/<config-dir>
TOOLCHAINS
^^^^^^^^^^
Cross-Development Toolchains
In order to build NuttX for your board, you will have to obtain a cross-
compiler to generate code for your target CPU. For each board,
configuration, there is a README.txt file (at configs/<board-name>/README.txt).
That README file contains suggestions and information about appropriate
tools and development environments for use with your board.
In any case, the script, setenv.sh that was deposited in the top-
level directory when NuttX was configured should be edited to set
the path to where you installed the toolchain. The use of setenv.sh
is optional but can save a lot of confusion in the future.
NuttX Buildroot Toolchain
For many configurations, a DIY set of tools is available for NuttX. These
tools can be downloaded from the NuttX SourceForge file repository. After
unpacking the buildroot tarball, you can find instructions for building
the tools in the buildroot/configs/README.txt file.
Check the README.txt file in the configuration director for your board
to see if you can use the buildroot toolchain with your board (this
README.txt file is located in configs/<board-name>/README.txt).
This toolchain is available for both the Linux and Cygwin development
environments.
SHELLS
^^^^^^
The NuttX build relies on some shell scripts. Some are inline in the
Makefiles and many are exectuble scripts in the tools/. directory. The
scripts were all developed using bash and many contain bash shell
dependencies.
Most of the scripts begin with #!/bin/bash to specifically select the
bash shell. Some still have #!/bin/sh but I haven't heard any complaints
so these must not have bash dependencies.
There are two shell issues that I have heard of:
1. Linux where /bin/sh refers to an incompatible shell (like ksh or csh).
In this case, bash is probably avaiable and the #!/bin/bash at the
beginning of the file should do the job. If any scripts with #!/bin/sh
fail, try changing that ti #!/bin/bash and let me know about the change.
2. FreeBSD with the Bourne Shell and no bash shell.
The other, reverse case has also been reported on FreeBSD setups that
have the Bourne shell, but not bash. In this base, #!/bin/bash fails
but #!/bin/sh works okay. My recommendation in this case is to create
a symbolic link at /bin/bash that refers to the Bourne shell.
There may still be issues, however, with certain the bash-centric scripts
that will require modifications.
BUILDING NUTTX
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Building
NuttX builds in-place in the source tree. You do not need to create
any special build directories. Assuming that your Make.defs is setup
properly for your tool chain and that setenv.sh contains the path to where
your cross-development tools are installed, the following steps are all that
are required to build NuttX:
cd ${TOPDIR}
. ./setenv.sh
make
At least one configuration (eagle100) requires additional command line
arguments on the make command. Read ${TOPDIR}/configs/<board-name>/README.txt
to see if that applies to your target.
Re-building
Re-building is normally simple -- just type make again.
But there are some things that can "get you" when you use the Cygwin
development environment with Windows native tools. The native Windows
tools do not understand Cygwin's symbolic links, so the NuttX make system
does something weird: It copies the configuration directories instead of
linking to them (it could, perhaps, use the NTFS 'mklink' command, but it
doesn't).
A consequence of this is that you can easily get confused when you edit
a file in one of the linked (i.e., copied) directories, re-build NuttX,
and then not see your changes when you run the program. That is because
build is still using the version of the file in the copied directory, not
your modified file! To work around this annoying behavior, do the
following when you re-build:
make clean_context all
This 'make' command will remove of the copied directories, re-copy them,
then make NuttX.
CYGWIN BUILD PROBLEMS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If you see strange behavior when building under Cygwin then you may have
a problem with your PATH variable. For example, if you see failures to
locate files that are clearly present, that may mean that you are using
the wrong version of a tool. For example, you may not be using Cygwin's
'make' program at /usr/bin/make. Try:
$ which make
/usr/bin/make
When you install some toolchains (such as Yargarto or CodeSourcery tools),
they may modify your PATH variable to include a path to their binaries.
At that location, they make have GNUWin32 versions of the tools. So you
might actually be using a version of make that does not understand Cygwin
paths.
The solution is either:
1. Edit your PATH to remove the path to the GNUWin32 tools, or
2. Put /usr/local/bin, /usr/bin, and /bin at the front of your path:
$ export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:$PATH
DOCUMENTATION
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Additional information can be found in the Documentation/ directory and
also in README files that are scattered throughout the source tree. The
documentation is in HTML and can be access by loading the following file
into your Web browser:
Documentation/index.html
NuttX documentation is also available online at http://www.nuttx.org.
Below is a guide to the available README files in the NuttX source tree:
nuttx
|
|- arch/
| |
| |- arm/
| | `- src
| | `- lpc214x/README.txt
| |- avr/
| | `- README.txt
| |- sh/
| | |- include/
| | | |-m16c/README.txt
| | | |-sh1/README.txt
| | | `-README.txt
| | |- src/
| | | |-common/README.txt
| | | |-m16c/README.txt
| | | |-sh1/README.txt
| | | `-README.txt
| |- x86/
| | |- include/
| | | `-README.txt
| | `- src/
| | `-README.txt
| `- z80/
| | `- src/
| | `- z80/README.txt
| `- README.txt
|- configs/
| |- amber/
| | `- README.txt
| |- avr32dev1/
| | `- README.txt
| |- c5471evm/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- demo0s12ne64/
| | `- README.txt
| |- detron/
| | `- README.txt
| |- ea3131/
| | `- README.txt
| |- eagle100/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- ez80f910200kitg/
| | |- ostest/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- ez80f910200zco/
| | |- dhcpd/README.txt
| | |- httpd/README.txt
| | |- nettest/README.txt
| | |- nsh/README.txt
| | |- ostest/README.txt
| | |- poll/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- kwikstik-k40/
| | `- README.txt
| |- lm3s6965-ek/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- lm3s8962-ek/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- lpcxpresso-lpc1768/
| | `- README.txt
| |- m68332evb/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | `- src/README.txt
| |- mbed/
| | `- README.txt
| |- mcu123-lpc214x/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- micropendous3/
| | `- README.txt
| |- mx1ads/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- ne63badge/
| | `- README.txt
| |- ntosd-dm320/
| | |- doc/README.txt
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- nucleus2g/
| | `- README.txt
| |- olimex-lpc1766stk/
| | `- README.txt
| |- olimex-lpc2378/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- olimex-strp711/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- pcblogic-pic32mx/
| | `- README.txt
| |- pic32-starterkit/
| | `- README.txt
| |- pjrc-8051/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- qemu-i486/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- rgmp/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- sam3u-ek/
| | `- README.txt
| |- sim/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- skp16c26/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- stm3210e-eval/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- RIDE/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- sure-pic32mx/
| | `- README.txt
| |- twr-k60n512/
| | `- README.txt
| |- us7032evb1/
| | |- bin/README.txt
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- vsn/
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- xtrs/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- z16f2800100zcog/
| | |- ostest/README.txt
| | |- pashello/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- z80sim/
| | |- include/README.txt
| | |- src/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- z8encore000zco/
| | |- ostest/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| |- z8f64200100kit/
| | |- ostest/README.txt
| | `- README.txt
| `- README.txt
|- drivers/
| `- README.txt
|- fs/
| |- mmap/
| | `- README.txt
| `- nxffs/
| `- README.txt
|- graphics/
| `- README.txt
|- lib/
| `- README.txt
|- libxx/
| `- README.txt
|- syscall/
| `- README.txt
`- tools/
`- README.txt
apps
|- examples/
| |- pashello/README.txt
| `- README.txt
|- graphics/
| `- tiff/README.txt
|- interpreters/
| |- ficl
| | `- README.txt
| `- README.txt
|- netutils/
| |- ftpc
| | `- README.txt
| |- telnetd
| | `- README.txt
| `- README.txt
|- nshlib/
| `- README.txt
|- system/
| |- i2c/README.txt
| |- free/README.txt
| `- install
| `- README.txt
|- vsn/
| |- hello/README.txt
| |- poweroff
| | `- README.txt
| |- ramtron
| | `- README.txt
| |- sdcard
| | `- README.txt
| `- sysinfo
| `- README.txt
`- README.txt
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