nuttx/Documentation/components/drivers/special/usbhost.rst

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=====================
USB Host-Side Drivers
=====================
- ``include/nuttx/usb/usbhost.h``. All structures and APIs
needed to work with USB host-side drivers are provided in this
header file.
- ``struct usbhost_driver_s`` and
``struct usbhost_connection_s``. Each USB host controller
driver must implement an instance of
``struct usbhost_driver_s`` and
``struct usbhost_connection_s``: ``struct usbhost_driver_s``
provides the interface between the USB host driver and the USB
class driver; ``struct usbhost_connection_s`` provides the
interface between the USB host driver and platform-specific
connection management and device enumeration logic. These
structures are defined in ``include/nuttx/usb/usbhost.h``.
**Examples**: ``arch/arm/src/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc17_40_usbhost.c``,
``arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_otgfshost.c``,
``arch/arm/src/sama5/sam_ohci.c``, and
``arch/arm/src/sama5/sam_ehci.c``.
- ``struct usbhost_class_s``. Each USB host class driver must
implement an instance of ``struct usbhost_class_s``. This
structure is also defined in ``include/nuttx/usb/usbhost.h``.
**Examples**: ``drivers/usbhost/usbhost_storage.c``
- **USB Host Class Driver Registry**. The NuttX USB host
infrastructure includes a *registry*. During its
initialization, each USB host class driver must call the
interface, ``usbhost_registerclass()`` in order add its
interface to the registry. Later, when a USB device is
connected, the USB host controller will look up the USB host
class driver that is needed to support the connected device in
this registry.
**Examples**: ``drivers/usbhost/usbhost_registry.c``,
``drivers/usbhost/usbhost_registerclass.c``, and
``drivers/usbhost/usbhost_findclass.c``,
- **Detection and Enumeration of Connected Devices**. Each USB
host device controller supports two methods that are used to
detect and enumeration newly connected devices (and also detect
disconnected devices):
- ``int (*wait)(FAR struct usbhost_connection_s *drvr, FAR const bool *connected);``
Wait for a device to be connected or disconnected.
- ``int (*enumerate)(FAR struct usbhost_connection_s *drvr, int rhpndx);``
Enumerate the device connected to a root hub port. As part
of this enumeration process, the driver will (1) get the
device's configuration descriptor, (2) extract the class ID
info from the configuration descriptor, (3) call
``usbhost_findclass(``) to find the class that supports this
device, (4) call the ``create()`` method on the
``struct usbhost_registry_s interface`` to get a class
instance, and finally (5) call the ``connect()`` method of
the ``struct usbhost_class_s`` interface. After that, the
class is in charge of the sequence of operations.
- **Binding USB Host-Side Drivers**. USB host-side controller
drivers are not normally directly accessed by user code, but
are usually bound to another, higher level USB host class
driver. The class driver exports the standard NuttX device
interface so that the connected USB device can be accessed just
as with other, similar, on-board devices. For example, the USB
host mass storage class driver
(``drivers/usbhost/usbhost_storage.c``) will register a
standard, NuttX block driver interface (like ``/dev/sda``) that
can be used to mount a file system just as with any other other
block driver instance. In general, the binding sequence is:
#. Each USB host class driver includes an initialization entry
point that is called from the application at initialization
time. This driver calls ``usbhost_registerclass()`` during
this initialization in order to makes itself available in
the event the device that it supports is connected.
**Examples**: The function ``usbhost_msc_initialize()`` in
the file ``drivers/usbhost/usbhost_storage.c``
#. Each application must include a *waiter* thread thread that
(1) calls the USB host controller driver's ``wait()`` to
detect the connection of a device, and then (2) call the USB
host controller driver's ``enumerate`` method to bind the
registered USB host class driver to the USB host controller
driver.
**Examples**: The function ``nsh_waiter()`` in the file
``boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/src/lpc17_40_appinit.c``.
#. As part of its operation during the binding operation, the
USB host class driver will register an instances of a
standard NuttX driver under the ``/dev`` directory. To
repeat the above example, the USB host mass storage class
driver (``drivers/usbhost/usbhost_storage.c``) will register
a standard, NuttX block driver interface (like ``/dev/sda``)
that can be used to mount a file system just as with any
other other block driver instance.
**Examples**: See the call to ``register_blockdriver()`` in
the function ``usbhost_initvolume()`` in the file
``drivers/usbhost/usbhost_storage.c``.