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nuttx/binfmt/elf.c
wangjianyu3 c749e4bfbd binfmt: ELF support load to LMA 
Load all sections to LMA not VMA, so the startup code(e.g. start.S) need
relocate .data section to the final address(VMA) and zero .bss section by self.

For example, SiFli and Actions: Background: Device with small sram,
Bootloader run in sram and psram, need boot to Application, with memory overlap
and without XIP. VMA of .data is in "psram" and LMA in "rom", if not enable
`ELF_LOADTO_LMA`, ELF loader will load the section to VMA (will fill bootloader
itself).

Signed-off-by: wangjianyu3 <wangjianyu3@xiaomi.com>
2023-09-04 12:23:26 +08:00

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/****************************************************************************
* binfmt/elf.c
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The
* ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************
* Included Files
****************************************************************************/
#include <nuttx/config.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <debug.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <nuttx/arch.h>
#include <nuttx/binfmt/binfmt.h>
#include <nuttx/binfmt/elf.h>
#include "libelf/libelf.h"
#ifdef CONFIG_ELF
/****************************************************************************
* Pre-processor Definitions
****************************************************************************/
/* CONFIG_DEBUG_FEATURES, CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO, and CONFIG_DEBUG_BINFMT
* have to be defined or CONFIG_ELF_DUMPBUFFER does nothing.
*/
#if !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO) || !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_BINFMT)
# undef CONFIG_ELF_DUMPBUFFER
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_ELF_STACKSIZE
# define CONFIG_ELF_STACKSIZE 2048
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ELF_DUMPBUFFER
# define elf_dumpbuffer(m,b,n) binfodumpbuffer(m,b,n)
#else
# define elf_dumpbuffer(m,b,n)
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Private Function Prototypes
****************************************************************************/
static int elf_loadbinary(FAR struct binary_s *binp,
FAR const char *filename,
FAR const struct symtab_s *exports,
int nexports);
#ifdef CONFIG_ELF_COREDUMP
static int elf_dumpbinary(FAR struct memory_region_s *regions,
FAR struct lib_outstream_s *stream,
pid_t pid);
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FEATURES) && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_BINFMT)
static void elf_dumploadinfo(FAR struct elf_loadinfo_s *loadinfo);
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Private Data
****************************************************************************/
static struct binfmt_s g_elfbinfmt =
{
NULL, /* next */
elf_loadbinary, /* load */
NULL, /* unload */
#ifdef CONFIG_ELF_COREDUMP
elf_dumpbinary, /* coredump */
#endif
};
/****************************************************************************
* Private Functions
****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************
* Name: elf_dumploadinfo
****************************************************************************/
#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FEATURES) && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_BINFMT)
static void elf_dumploadinfo(FAR struct elf_loadinfo_s *loadinfo)
{
int i;
binfo("LOAD_INFO:\n");
binfo(" textalloc: %08lx\n", (long)loadinfo->textalloc);
binfo(" dataalloc: %08lx\n", (long)loadinfo->dataalloc);
binfo(" textsize: %ld\n", (long)loadinfo->textsize);
binfo(" datasize: %ld\n", (long)loadinfo->datasize);
binfo(" textalign: %zu\n", loadinfo->textalign);
binfo(" dataalign: %zu\n", loadinfo->dataalign);
binfo(" filelen: %ld\n", (long)loadinfo->filelen);
#ifdef CONFIG_BINFMT_CONSTRUCTORS
binfo(" ctoralloc: %08lx\n", (long)loadinfo->ctoralloc);
binfo(" ctors: %08lx\n", (long)loadinfo->ctors);
binfo(" nctors: %d\n", loadinfo->nctors);
binfo(" dtoralloc: %08lx\n", (long)loadinfo->dtoralloc);
binfo(" dtors: %08lx\n", (long)loadinfo->dtors);
binfo(" ndtors: %d\n", loadinfo->ndtors);
#endif
binfo(" symtabidx: %d\n", loadinfo->symtabidx);
binfo(" strtabidx: %d\n", loadinfo->strtabidx);
binfo("ELF Header:\n");
binfo(" e_ident: %02x %02x %02x %02x\n",
loadinfo->ehdr.e_ident[0], loadinfo->ehdr.e_ident[1],
loadinfo->ehdr.e_ident[2], loadinfo->ehdr.e_ident[3]);
binfo(" e_type: %04x\n", loadinfo->ehdr.e_type);
binfo(" e_machine: %04x\n", loadinfo->ehdr.e_machine);
binfo(" e_version: %08x\n", loadinfo->ehdr.e_version);
binfo(" e_entry: %08lx\n", (long)loadinfo->ehdr.e_entry);
binfo(" e_phoff: %ju\n", (uintmax_t)loadinfo->ehdr.e_phoff);
binfo(" e_shoff: %ju\n", (uintmax_t)loadinfo->ehdr.e_shoff);
binfo(" e_flags: %08x\n" , loadinfo->ehdr.e_flags);
binfo(" e_ehsize: %d\n", loadinfo->ehdr.e_ehsize);
binfo(" e_phentsize: %d\n", loadinfo->ehdr.e_phentsize);
binfo(" e_phnum: %d\n", loadinfo->ehdr.e_phnum);
binfo(" e_shentsize: %d\n", loadinfo->ehdr.e_shentsize);
binfo(" e_shnum: %d\n", loadinfo->ehdr.e_shnum);
binfo(" e_shstrndx: %d\n", loadinfo->ehdr.e_shstrndx);
if (loadinfo->phdr && loadinfo->ehdr.e_phnum > 0)
{
for (i = 0; i < loadinfo->ehdr.e_phnum; i++)
{
FAR Elf_Phdr *phdr = &loadinfo->phdr[i];
binfo("Programs %d:\n", i);
binfo(" p_type: %08jx\n", (uintmax_t)phdr->p_type);
binfo(" p_offset: %08jx\n", (uintmax_t)phdr->p_offset);
binfo(" p_vaddr: %08jx\n", (uintmax_t)phdr->p_vaddr);
binfo(" p_paddr: %08jx\n", (uintmax_t)phdr->p_paddr);
binfo(" p_filesz: %08jx\n", (uintmax_t)phdr->p_filesz);
binfo(" p_memsz: %08jx\n", (uintmax_t)phdr->p_memsz);
binfo(" p_flags: %08jx\n", (uintmax_t)phdr->p_flags);
binfo(" p_align: %08x\n", phdr->p_align);
}
}
if (loadinfo->shdr && loadinfo->ehdr.e_shnum > 0)
{
for (i = 0; i < loadinfo->ehdr.e_shnum; i++)
{
FAR Elf_Shdr *shdr = &loadinfo->shdr[i];
binfo("Sections %d:\n", i);
binfo(" sh_name: %08x\n", shdr->sh_name);
binfo(" sh_type: %08x\n", shdr->sh_type);
binfo(" sh_flags: %08jx\n", (uintmax_t)shdr->sh_flags);
binfo(" sh_addr: %08jx\n", (uintmax_t)shdr->sh_addr);
binfo(" sh_offset: %ju\n", (uintmax_t)shdr->sh_offset);
binfo(" sh_size: %ju\n", (uintmax_t)shdr->sh_size);
binfo(" sh_link: %d\n", shdr->sh_link);
binfo(" sh_info: %d\n", shdr->sh_info);
binfo(" sh_addralign: %ju\n", (uintmax_t)shdr->sh_addralign);
binfo(" sh_entsize: %ju\n", (uintmax_t)shdr->sh_entsize);
}
}
}
#else
# define elf_dumploadinfo(i)
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Name: elf_dumpentrypt
****************************************************************************/
#ifdef CONFIG_ELF_DUMPBUFFER
static void elf_dumpentrypt(FAR struct binary_s *binp,
FAR struct elf_loadinfo_s *loadinfo)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ADDRENV
int ret;
/* If CONFIG_ARCH_ADDRENV=y, then the loaded ELF lies in a virtual address
* space that may not be in place now. elf_addrenv_select() will
* temporarily instantiate that address space.
*/
ret = elf_addrenv_select(loadinfo);
if (ret < 0)
{
berr("ERROR: elf_addrenv_select() failed: %d\n", ret);
return;
}
#endif
elf_dumpbuffer("Entry code", (FAR const uint8_t *)binp->entrypt,
MIN(loadinfo->textsize - loadinfo->ehdr.e_entry, 512));
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ADDRENV
/* Restore the original address environment */
ret = elf_addrenv_restore(loadinfo);
if (ret < 0)
{
berr("ERROR: elf_addrenv_restore() failed: %d\n", ret);
}
#endif
}
#else
# define elf_dumpentrypt(b,l)
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Name: elf_loadbinary
*
* Description:
* Verify that the file is an ELF binary and, if so, load the ELF
* binary into memory
*
****************************************************************************/
static int elf_loadbinary(FAR struct binary_s *binp,
FAR const char *filename,
FAR const struct symtab_s *exports,
int nexports)
{
struct elf_loadinfo_s loadinfo; /* Contains globals for libelf */
int ret;
binfo("Loading file: %s\n", filename);
/* Initialize the ELF library to load the program binary. */
ret = elf_init(filename, &loadinfo);
elf_dumploadinfo(&loadinfo);
if (ret != 0)
{
berr("Failed to initialize for load of ELF program: %d\n", ret);
goto errout_with_init;
}
/* Load the program binary */
ret = elf_load(&loadinfo);
elf_dumploadinfo(&loadinfo);
if (ret != 0)
{
berr("Failed to load ELF program binary: %d\n", ret);
goto errout_with_init;
}
/* Bind the program to the exported symbol table */
if (loadinfo.ehdr.e_type == ET_REL)
{
ret = elf_bind(&loadinfo, exports, nexports);
if (ret != 0)
{
berr("Failed to bind symbols program binary: %d\n", ret);
goto errout_with_load;
}
binp->entrypt = (main_t)(loadinfo.textalloc + loadinfo.ehdr.e_entry);
}
else if (loadinfo.ehdr.e_type == ET_EXEC)
{
if (nexports > 0)
{
berr("Cannot bind exported symbols to a "
"fully linked executable\n");
ret = -ENOEXEC;
goto errout_with_load;
}
/* The entrypoint for a fully linked executable can be found directly */
binp->entrypt = (main_t)(loadinfo.ehdr.e_entry);
}
else
{
berr("Unexpected elf type %d\n", loadinfo.ehdr.e_type);
ret = -ENOEXEC;
goto errout_with_load;
}
/* Return the load information */
binp->stacksize = CONFIG_ELF_STACKSIZE;
/* Add the ELF allocation to the alloc[] only if there is no address
* environment. If there is an address environment, it will automatically
* be freed when the function exits
*
* REVISIT: If the module is loaded then unloaded, wouldn't this cause
* a memory leak?
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ADDRENV
/* Save the address environment in the binfmt structure. This will be
* needed when the module is executed.
*/
binp->addrenv = loadinfo.addrenv;
#else
binp->alloc[0] = (FAR void *)loadinfo.textalloc;
binp->alloc[1] = (FAR void *)loadinfo.dataalloc;
# ifdef CONFIG_BINFMT_CONSTRUCTORS
binp->alloc[2] = loadinfo.ctoralloc;
binp->alloc[3] = loadinfo.dtoralloc;
# endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BINFMT_CONSTRUCTORS
/* Save information about constructors and destructors. */
binp->ctors = loadinfo.ctors;
binp->nctors = loadinfo.nctors;
binp->dtors = loadinfo.dtors;
binp->ndtors = loadinfo.ndtors;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_USER_IDENTITY
/* Save IDs and mode from file system */
binp->uid = loadinfo.fileuid;
binp->gid = loadinfo.filegid;
binp->mode = loadinfo.filemode;
#endif
elf_dumpentrypt(binp, &loadinfo);
elf_uninit(&loadinfo);
return OK;
errout_with_load:
elf_unload(&loadinfo);
errout_with_init:
elf_uninit(&loadinfo);
return ret;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: elf_dumpbinary
*
* Description:
* Generat the core dump stream as ELF structure.
*
* Returned Value:
* Zero (OK) on success; a negated errno value on failure.
*
****************************************************************************/
#ifdef CONFIG_ELF_COREDUMP
static int elf_dumpbinary(FAR struct memory_region_s *regions,
FAR struct lib_outstream_s *stream,
pid_t pid)
{
struct elf_dumpinfo_s dumpinfo;
dumpinfo.regions = regions;
dumpinfo.stream = stream;
dumpinfo.pid = pid;
return elf_coredump(&dumpinfo);
}
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Public Functions
****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************
* Name: elf_initialize
*
* Description:
* In order to use the ELF binary format, this function must be called
* during system initialization to register the ELF binary format.
*
* Returned Value:
* This is a NuttX internal function so it follows the convention that
* 0 (OK) is returned on success and a negated errno is returned on
* failure.
*
****************************************************************************/
int elf_initialize(void)
{
int ret;
/* Register ourselves as a binfmt loader */
binfo("Registering ELF\n");
ret = register_binfmt(&g_elfbinfmt);
if (ret != 0)
{
berr("Failed to register binfmt: %d\n", ret);
}
return ret;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: elf_uninitialize
*
* Description:
* Unregister the ELF binary loader
*
* Returned Value:
* None
*
****************************************************************************/
void elf_uninitialize(void)
{
unregister_binfmt(&g_elfbinfmt);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ELF */
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