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nuttx/drivers/mtd/m25px.c
patacongo 7dfface80c Extend SPI interface to better handle multiple devices on same SPI bus 
git-svn-id: svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk@2162 42af7a65-404d-4744-a932-0658087f49c3
2009-10-20 14:05:56 +00:00

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/************************************************************************************
* drivers/mtd/m25px.c
* Driver for SPI-based M25P64 (64Mbit) and M25P128 (128Mbit) FLASH
*
* Copyright (C) 2009 Gregory Nutt. All rights reserved.
* Author: Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
* 3. Neither the name NuttX nor the names of its contributors may be
* used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
* ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
************************************************************************************/
/************************************************************************************
* Included Files
************************************************************************************/
#include <nuttx/config.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <debug.h>
#include <nuttx/ioctl.h>
#include <nuttx/spi.h>
#include <nuttx/mtd.h>
/************************************************************************************
* Pre-processor Definitions
************************************************************************************/
/* Indentification register values */
#define M25P_MANUFACTURER 0x20
#define M25P_MEMORY_TYPE 0x20
#define M25P_M25P64_CAPACITY 0x17 /* 64 M-bit */
#define M25P_M25P128_CAPACITY 0x18 /* 128 M-bit */
/* M25P64 capapcity is 8,338,608 bytes:
* (128 sectors) * (65,536 bytes per sector)
* (32768 pages) * (256 bytes per page)
*/
#define M25P_M25P64_SECTOR_SHIFT 16 /* Sector size 1 << 16 = 65,536 */
#define M25P_M25P64_NSECTORS 128
#define M25P_M25P64_PAGE_SHIFT 8 /* Page size 1 << 8 = 256 */
#define M25P_M25P64_NPAGES 32768
/* M25P64 capapcity is 16,777,216 bytes:
* (64 sectors) * (262,144 bytes per sector)
* (65536 pages) * (256 bytes per page)
*/
#define M25P_M25P128_SECTOR_SHIFT 18 /* Sector size 1 << 18 = 262,144 */
#define M25P_M25P128_NSECTORS 64
#define M25P_M25P128_PAGE_SHIFT 8 /* Page size 1 << 8 = 256 */
#define M25P_M25P128_NPAGES 65536
/* Instructions */
/* Command Value N Description Addr Dummy Data */
#define M25P_WREN 0x06 /* 1 Write Enable 0 0 0 */
#define M25P_WRDI 0x04 /* 1 Write Disable 0 0 0 */
#define M25P_RDID 0x9f /* 1 Read Identification 0 0 1-3 */
#define M25P_RDSR 0x05 /* 1 Read Status Register 0 0 >=1 */
#define M25P_WRSR 0x01 /* 1 Write Status Register 0 0 1 */
#define M25P_READ 0x03 /* 1 Read Data Bytes 3 0 >=1 */
#define M25P_FAST_READ 0x0b /* 1 Higher speed read 3 1 >=1 */
#define M25P_PP 0x02 /* 1 Page Program 3 0 1-256 */
#define M25P_SE 0xd8 /* 1 Sector Erase 3 0 0 */
#define M25P_BE 0xc7 /* 1 Bulk Erase 0 0 0 */
#define M25P_RES 0xab /* 2 Read Electronic Signature 0 3 >=1 */
/* NOTE 1: Both parts, NOTE 2: M25P64 only */
/* Status register bit definitions */
#define M25P_SR_WIP (1 << 0) /* Bit 0: Write in progress bit */
#define M25P_SR_WEL (1 << 1) /* Bit 1: Write enable latch bit */
#define M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT (2) /* Bits 2-4: Block protect bits */
#define M25P_SR_BP_MASK (7 << M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT)
# define M25P_SR_BP_NONE (0 << M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT) /* Unprotected */
# define M25P_SR_BP_UPPER64th (1 << M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT) /* Upper 64th */
# define M25P_SR_BP_UPPER32nd (2 << M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT) /* Upper 32nd */
# define M25P_SR_BP_UPPER16th (3 << M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT) /* Upper 16th */
# define M25P_SR_BP_UPPER8th (4 << M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT) /* Upper 8th */
# define M25P_SR_BP_UPPERQTR (5 << M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT) /* Upper quarter */
# define M25P_SR_BP_UPPERHALF (6 << M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT) /* Upper half */
# define M25P_SR_BP_ALL (7 << M25P_SR_BP_SHIFT) /* All sectors */
#define M25P_SR_SRWD (1 << 7) /* Bit 7: Status register write protect */
#define M25P_DUMMY 0xa5
/************************************************************************************
* Private Types
************************************************************************************/
/* This type represents the state of the MTD device. The struct mtd_dev_s
* must appear at the beginning of the definition so that you can freely
* cast between pointers to struct mtd_dev_s and struct m25p_dev_s.
*/
struct m25p_dev_s
{
struct mtd_dev_s mtd; /* MTD interface */
FAR struct spi_dev_s *dev; /* Saved SPI interface instance */
ubyte sectorshift; /* 16 or 18 */
ubyte pageshift; /* 8 */
uint16 nsectors; /* 128 or 64 */
uint32 npages; /* 32,768 or 65,536 */
};
/************************************************************************************
* Private Function Prototypes
************************************************************************************/
/* Helpers */
static void m25p_lock(FAR struct spi_dev_s *dev);
static inline void m25p_unlock(FAR struct spi_dev_s *dev);
static inline int m25p_readid(struct m25p_dev_s *priv);
static void m25p_waitwritecomplete(struct m25p_dev_s *priv);
static void m25p_writeenable(struct m25p_dev_s *priv);
static inline void m25p_sectorerase(struct m25p_dev_s *priv, off_t offset);
static inline int m25p_bulkerase(struct m25p_dev_s *priv);
static inline void m25p_pagewrite(struct m25p_dev_s *priv, FAR const ubyte *buffer,
off_t offset);
/* MTD driver methods */
static int m25p_erase(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t startblock, size_t nblocks);
static int m25p_bread(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t startblock, size_t nblocks,
FAR ubyte *buf);
static int m25p_bwrite(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t startblock, size_t nblocks,
FAR const ubyte *buf);
static int m25p_read(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t offset, size_t nbytes,
FAR ubyte *buffer);
static int m25p_ioctl(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, int cmd, unsigned long arg);
/************************************************************************************
* Private Data
************************************************************************************/
/************************************************************************************
* Private Functions
************************************************************************************/
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_lock
************************************************************************************/
static void m25p_lock(FAR struct spi_dev_s *dev)
{
/* On SPI busses where there are multiple devices, it will be necessary to
* lock SPI to have exclusive access to the busses for a sequence of
* transfers. The bus should be locked before the chip is selected.
*
* This is a blocking call and will not return until we have exclusiv access to
* the SPI buss. We will retain that exclusive access until the bus is unlocked.
*/
(void)SPI_LOCK(dev, TRUE);
/* After locking the SPI bus, the we also need call the setfrequency, setbits, and
* setmode methods to make sure that the SPI is properly configured for the device.
* If the SPI buss is being shared, then it may have been left in an incompatible
* state.
*/
SPI_SETMODE(dev, SPIDEV_MODE3);
SPI_SETBITS(dev, 8);
(void)SPI_SETFREQUENCY(dev, 20000000);
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_unlock
************************************************************************************/
static inline void m25p_unlock(FAR struct spi_dev_s *dev)
{
(void)SPI_LOCK(dev, FALSE);
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_readid
************************************************************************************/
static inline int m25p_readid(struct m25p_dev_s *priv)
{
uint16 manufacturer;
uint16 memory;
uint16 capacity;
fvdbg("priv: %p\n", priv);
/* Lock the SPI bus, configure the bus, and select this FLASH part. */
m25p_lock(priv->dev);
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, TRUE);
/* Send the "Read ID (RDID)" command and read the first three ID bytes */
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_RDID);
manufacturer = SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_DUMMY);
memory = SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_DUMMY);
capacity = SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_DUMMY);
/* Deselect the FLASH and unlock the bus */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, FALSE);
m25p_unlock(priv->dev);
fvdbg("manufacturer: %02x memory: %02x capacity: %02x\n",
manufacturer, memory, capacity);
/* Check for a valid manufacturer and memory type */
if (manufacturer == M25P_MANUFACTURER && memory == M25P_MEMORY_TYPE)
{
/* Okay.. is it a FLASH capacity that we understand? */
if (capacity == M25P_M25P64_CAPACITY)
{
/* Save the FLASH geometry */
priv->sectorshift = M25P_M25P64_SECTOR_SHIFT;
priv->nsectors = M25P_M25P64_NSECTORS;
priv->pageshift = M25P_M25P64_PAGE_SHIFT;
priv->npages = M25P_M25P64_NPAGES;
return OK;
}
else if (capacity == M25P_M25P128_CAPACITY)
{
priv->sectorshift = M25P_M25P128_SECTOR_SHIFT;
priv->nsectors = M25P_M25P128_NSECTORS;
priv->pageshift = M25P_M25P128_PAGE_SHIFT;
priv->npages = M25P_M25P128_NPAGES;
return OK;
}
}
return -ENODEV;
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_waitwritecomplete
************************************************************************************/
static void m25p_waitwritecomplete(struct m25p_dev_s *priv)
{
ubyte status;
/* Select this FLASH part */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, TRUE);
/* Send "Read Status Register (RDSR)" command */
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_RDSR);
/* Loop as long as the memory is busy with a write cycle */
do
{
/* Send a dummy byte to generate the clock needed to shift out the status */
status = SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_DUMMY);
}
while ((status & M25P_SR_WIP) != 0);
/* Deselect the FLASH */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, FALSE);
fvdbg("Complete\n");
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_writeenable
************************************************************************************/
static void m25p_writeenable(struct m25p_dev_s *priv)
{
/* Select this FLASH part */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, TRUE);
/* Send "Write Enable (WREN)" command */
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_WREN);
/* Deselect the FLASH */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, FALSE);
fvdbg("Enabled\n");
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_sectorerase
************************************************************************************/
static inline void m25p_sectorerase(struct m25p_dev_s *priv, off_t sector)
{
off_t offset = sector << priv->sectorshift;
fvdbg("sector: %08lx\n", (long)sector);
/* Wait for any preceding write to complete. We could simplify things by
* perform this wait at the end of each write operation (rather than at
* the beginning of ALL operations), but have the wait first will slightly
* improve performance.
*/
m25p_waitwritecomplete(priv);
/* Send write enable instruction */
m25p_writeenable(priv);
/* Select this FLASH part */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, TRUE);
/* Send the "Sector Erase (SE)" instruction */
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_SE);
/* Send the sector offset high byte first. For all of the supported
* parts, the sector number is completely contained in the first byte
* and the values used in the following two bytes don't really matter.
*/
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, (offset >> 16) & 0xff);
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, (offset >> 8) & 0xff);
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, offset & 0xff);
/* Deselect the FLASH */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, FALSE);
fvdbg("Erased\n");
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_bulkerase
************************************************************************************/
static inline int m25p_bulkerase(struct m25p_dev_s *priv)
{
fvdbg("priv: %p\n", priv);
/* Wait for any preceding write to complete. We could simplify things by
* perform this wait at the end of each write operation (rather than at
* the beginning of ALL operations), but have the wait first will slightly
* improve performance.
*/
m25p_waitwritecomplete(priv);
/* Send write enable instruction */
m25p_writeenable(priv);
/* Select this FLASH part */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, TRUE);
/* Send the "Bulk Erase (BE)" instruction */
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_BE);
/* Deselect the FLASH */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, FALSE);
fvdbg("Return: OK\n");
return OK;
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_pagewrite
************************************************************************************/
static inline void m25p_pagewrite(struct m25p_dev_s *priv, FAR const ubyte *buffer,
off_t page)
{
off_t offset = page << priv->pageshift;
fvdbg("page: %08lx offset: %08lx\n", (long)page, (long)offset);
/* Wait for any preceding write to complete. We could simplify things by
* perform this wait at the end of each write operation (rather than at
* the beginning of ALL operations), but have the wait first will slightly
* improve performance.
*/
m25p_waitwritecomplete(priv);
/* Enable the write access to the FLASH */
m25p_writeenable(priv);
/* Select this FLASH part */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, TRUE);
/* Send "Page Program (PP)" command */
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_PP);
/* Send the page offset high byte first. */
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, (offset >> 16) & 0xff);
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, (offset >> 8) & 0xff);
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, offset & 0xff);
/* Then write the specified number of bytes */
SPI_SNDBLOCK(priv->dev, buffer, 1 << priv->pageshift);
/* Deselect the FLASH: Chip Select high */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, FALSE);
fvdbg("Written\n");
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_erase
************************************************************************************/
static int m25p_erase(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t startblock, size_t nblocks)
{
FAR struct m25p_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct m25p_dev_s *)dev;
size_t blocksleft = nblocks;
fvdbg("startblock: %08lx nblocks: %d\n", (long)startblock, (int)nblocks);
/* Lock access to the SPI bus until we complete the erase */
m25p_lock(priv->dev);
while (blocksleft-- > 0)
{
/* Erase each sector */
m25p_sectorerase(priv, startblock);
startblock++;
}
m25p_unlock(priv->dev);
return (int)nblocks;
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_bread
************************************************************************************/
static ssize_t m25p_bread(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t startblock, size_t nblocks,
FAR ubyte *buffer)
{
FAR struct m25p_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct m25p_dev_s *)dev;
off_t nbytes;
fvdbg("startblock: %08lx nblocks: %d\n", (long)startblock, (int)nblocks);
/* On this device, we can handle the block read just like the byte-oriented read */
nbytes = m25p_read(dev, startblock << priv->pageshift, nblocks << priv->pageshift, buffer);
if (nbytes > 0)
{
return nbytes >> priv->pageshift;
}
return nbytes;
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_bwrite
************************************************************************************/
static ssize_t m25p_bwrite(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t startblock, size_t nblocks,
FAR const ubyte *buffer)
{
FAR struct m25p_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct m25p_dev_s *)dev;
size_t blocksleft = nblocks;
fvdbg("startblock: %08lx nblocks: %d\n", (long)startblock, (int)nblocks);
/* Lock the SPI bus and write each page to FLASH */
m25p_lock(priv->dev);
while (blocksleft-- > 0)
{
m25p_pagewrite(priv, buffer, startblock);
startblock++;
}
m25p_unlock(priv->dev);
return nblocks;
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_read
************************************************************************************/
static ssize_t m25p_read(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, off_t offset, size_t nbytes,
FAR ubyte *buffer)
{
FAR struct m25p_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct m25p_dev_s *)dev;
fvdbg("offset: %08lx nbytes: %d\n", (long)offset, (int)nbytes);
/* Wait for any preceding write to complete. We could simplify things by
* perform this wait at the end of each write operation (rather than at
* the beginning of ALL operations), but have the wait first will slightly
* improve performance.
*/
m25p_waitwritecomplete(priv);
/* Lock the SPI bus and select this FLASH part */
m25p_lock(priv->dev);
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, TRUE);
/* Send "Read from Memory " instruction */
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, M25P_READ);
/* Send the page offset high byte first. */
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, (offset >> 16) & 0xff);
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, (offset >> 8) & 0xff);
(void)SPI_SEND(priv->dev, offset & 0xff);
/* Then read all of the requested bytes */
SPI_RECVBLOCK(priv->dev, buffer, nbytes);
/* Deselect the FLASH and unlock the SPI bus */
SPI_SELECT(priv->dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, FALSE);
m25p_unlock(priv->dev);
fvdbg("return nbytes: %d\n", (int)nbytes);
return nbytes;
}
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_ioctl
************************************************************************************/
static int m25p_ioctl(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *dev, int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
FAR struct m25p_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct m25p_dev_s *)dev;
int ret = -EINVAL; /* Assume good command with bad parameters */
fvdbg("cmd: %d \n", cmd);
switch (cmd)
{
case MTDIOC_GEOMETRY:
{
FAR struct mtd_geometry_s *geo = (FAR struct mtd_geometry_s *)arg;
if (geo)
{
/* Populate the geometry structure with information need to know
* the capacity and how to access the device.
*
* NOTE: that the device is treated as though it where just an array
* of fixed size blocks. That is most likely not true, but the client
* will expect the device logic to do whatever is necessary to make it
* appear so.
*/
geo->blocksize = (1 << priv->pageshift);
geo->erasesize = (1 << priv->sectorshift);
geo->neraseblocks = priv->nsectors;
ret = OK;
fvdbg("blocksize: %d erasesize: %d neraseblocks: %d\n",
geo->blocksize, geo->erasesize, geo->neraseblocks);
}
}
break;
case MTDIOC_BULKERASE:
{
/* Erase the entire device */
m25p_lock(priv->dev);
ret = m25p_bulkerase(priv);
m25p_unlock(priv->dev);
}
break;
case MTDIOC_XIPBASE:
default:
ret = -ENOTTY; /* Bad command */
break;
}
fvdbg("return %d\n", ret);
return ret;
}
/************************************************************************************
* Public Functions
************************************************************************************/
/************************************************************************************
* Name: m25p_initialize
*
* Description:
* Create an initialize MTD device instance. MTD devices are not registered
* in the file system, but are created as instances that can be bound to
* other functions (such as a block or character driver front end).
*
************************************************************************************/
FAR struct mtd_dev_s *m25p_initialize(FAR struct spi_dev_s *dev)
{
FAR struct m25p_dev_s *priv;
int ret;
fvdbg("dev: %p\n", dev);
/* Allocate a state structure (we allocate the structure instead of using
* a fixed, static allocation so that we can handle multiple FLASH devices.
* The current implementation would handle only one FLASH part per SPI
* device (only because of the SPIDEV_FLASH definition) and so would have
* to be extended to handle multiple FLASH parts on the same SPI bus.
*/
priv = (FAR struct m25p_dev_s *)malloc(sizeof(struct m25p_dev_s));
if (priv)
{
/* Initialize the allocated structure */
priv->mtd.erase = m25p_erase;
priv->mtd.bread = m25p_bread;
priv->mtd.bwrite = m25p_bwrite;
priv->mtd.read = m25p_read;
priv->mtd.ioctl = m25p_ioctl;
priv->dev = dev;
/* Deselect the FLASH */
SPI_SELECT(dev, SPIDEV_FLASH, FALSE);
/* Identify the FLASH chip and get its capacity */
ret = m25p_readid(priv);
if (ret != OK)
{
/* Unrecognized! Discard all of that work we just did and return NULL */
fdbg("Unrecognized\n");
free(priv);
priv = NULL;
}
}
/* Return the implementation-specific state structure as the MTD device */
fvdbg("Return %p\n", priv);
return (FAR struct mtd_dev_s *)priv;
}
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