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README.md
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README.md
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# termux-packages
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Scripts and patches for building Termux packages
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termux-packages
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===============
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This project contains scripts and patches to cross compile and package packages for
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the [Termux](http://termux.com/) Android application.
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Overview
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========
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In a non-rooted Android device an app such as Termux may not write to system locations,
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which is why every package is installed inside the private file area of the Termux app:
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PREFIX=/data/data/com.termux/files/usr
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For simplicity while developing and building, the build scripts here assume that a /data
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folder is reserved for use on the host builder, which requires setup:
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sudo mkdir /data
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sudo chown $USER /data
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The basic flow is then to run "./build-package.sh $PKG", which
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- Sets up a patched stand-alone Android NDK toolchain
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- Reads packages/$PKG/build.sh to find out where to find the source code of the
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package and how to build it.
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- Applies all patches in packages/$PKG/\*.patch
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- Builds the package and installs it to $PREFIX
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- Packages the package in one or more .dpkg files for distribution
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Reading and following build-package.sh is the best way to understand what's going on here.
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Additional utilities are contained here:
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- build-all.sh, used for building all packages in the correct order (using buildorder.py)
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- check-pie.sh, used for verifying that all binaries are using PIE, which is required for Android 5+
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- check-versions.sh, used for checking for package updates
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- clean-rebuild-all.sh, used for doing a clean rebuild of all packages (takes a couple of hours)
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- list-packages.sh, used for listing all packages with a one-line summary
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Resources about cross-compiling packages
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========================================
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* [Linux From Scratch](http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/index.html)
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* [Beyond Linux From Scratch](http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/)
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* [Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch](http://cross-lfs.org/view/svn/x86_64-64/)
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* [OpenWrt](https://openwrt.org/), an embedded Linx distribution, contains [patches and build scripts](https://dev.openwrt.org/browser/packages)
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* http://dan.drown.org/android contains [patches for cross-compiling to Android](http://dan.drown.org/android/src/) as well as [work notes](http://dan.drown.org/android/worknotes.html), including a modified dynamic linker to avoid messing with LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
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* [CCTools](http://cctools.info/index.php?title=Main_Page) is an Android native IDE containing [patches for several programs](https://code.google.com/p/cctools/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk%2Fcctools-repo%2Fpatches) and [a bug tracker](https://code.google.com/p/cctools/issues/list).
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* [BotBrew](http://botbrew.com/) was a package manager for rooted devices with [sources on github](https://github.com/jyio/botbrew). Based on opkg and was transitioning to apt.
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* [Kivy recipes](https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/tree/master/recipes) contains recipes for building packages for Android.
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Common porting problems
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=======================
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* The Android bionic libc does not have iconv and gettext/libintl functionality built in. A package from the NDK, libandroid-support,
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contains these and may be used by all packages.
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* "error: z: no archive symbol table (run ranlib)" usually means that the build machines libz is used instead of the one for cross compilation, due to the builder library -L path being setup incorrectly
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* rindex(3) is defined in <strings.h> but does not exist in NDK, but strrchr(3) from <string.h> is preferred anyway
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* <sys/termios.h> does not exist, but <termios.h> is the standard location.
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* <sys/fcntl.h> does not exist, but <fcntl.h> is the standard location.
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* glob(3) system function (glob.h) - not in bionic, but use the libglob package
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* undefined reference to 'rpl_malloc' and/or 'rpl_realloc': These functions are added by some autoconf setups
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when it fails to detect 0-safe malloc and realloc during cross-compilating. Avoided by defining
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"ac_cv_func_malloc_0_nonnull=yes ac_cv_func_realloc_0_nonnull=yes".
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See http://wiki.buici.com/xwiki/bin/view/Programing+C+and+C%2B%2B/Autoconf+and+RPL_MALLOC
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* cmake and cross compiling: http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_Cross_Compiling
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CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=$TERMUX_PREFIX to search there.
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CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=ONLY and
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CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=ONLY
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for only searching there and don't fall back to build machines
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* Android is removing sys/timeb.h because it was removed in POSIX 2008, but ftime(3) can be replaced with gettimeofday(2)
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* mempcpy(3) is a GNU extension. We have added it to <string.h> provided TERMUX_EXPOSE_MEMPCPY is defined,
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so use something like CFLAGS+=" -DTERMUX_EXPOSE_MEMPCPY=1" for packages expecting that function to exist.
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dlopen() and RTLD_* flags
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=================================
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<dlfn.h> declares
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> enum { RTLD_NOW = 2, RTLD_LAZY = 1, RTLD_LOCAL = 0, RTLD_GLOBAL = 0x00100, RTLD_NOLOAD = 4}; // 64 bit
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> enum { RTLD_NOW = 0, RTLD_LAZY = 1, RTLD_LOCAL = 0, RTLD_GLOBAL = 2, RTLD_NOLOAD = 4}; // 32 bit
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These differs from glibc ones in that
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1. They are not preprocessor #define:s so cannot be checked for with #ifdef RTLD_GLOBAL (dln.c in ruby does this)
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2. They differ in value from glibc ones, so cannot be hardcoded in files (DLFCN.py in python does this)
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3. They are missing some values (RTLD_BINDING_MASK, RTLD_NOLOAD, ...)
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RPATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH AND RUNPATH
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==================================
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On desktop linux the linker searches for shared libraries in:
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1. RPATH - a list of directories which is linked into the executable, supported on most UNIX systems. It is ignored if RUNPATH is present.
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2. LD_LIBRARY_PATH - an environment variable which holds a list of directories
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3. RUNPATH - same as RPATH, but searched after LD_LIBRARY_PATH, supported only on most recent UNIX systems, e.g. on most current Linux systems
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The Android linker (/system/bin/linker) does not support RPATH or RUNPATH, so we set LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$USR/lib and try to avoid building
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useless rpath entries with --disable-rpath configure flags.
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Another option to avoid depending on LD_LIBRARY_PATH would be supplying a custom linker - this is not done due to the overhead of maintaining a custom linker.
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Warnings about unused DT entries
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================================
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Starting from 5.1 the Android linker warns about VERNEED (0x6FFFFFFE) and VERNEEDNUM (0x6FFFFFFF) ELF dynamic sections:
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WARNING: linker: $BINARY: unused DT entry: type 0x6ffffffe arg ...
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WARNING: linker: $BINARY: unused DT entry: type 0x6fffffff arg ...
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These may come from version scripts in a Makefile such as:
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-Wl,--version-script=$(top_srcdir)/proc/libprocps.sym
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The termux-elf-cleaner utilty is run from build-package.sh and should normally take care of that problem.
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Bootstrapping
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=============
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To get files on device one option is:
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udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 8069 tftpd -c . # Run on device. -c arg to allow file uploading
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printf "mode binary\nput out.md\nquit" | tftp 192.168.0.12 8069 # on computer
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Another is with ftp:
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tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 8021 ftpd -w . # Run on device. -w arg to allow file uploading
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printf "put tmp.c\nquit" | ftp -n 192.168.0.12 8021 # Run on computer. -n arg to use anonymous login
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NOTE: The ftpd and tftpd programs has been patched to run without chroot. This means that the directory
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serving is only the starting point and clients may cd out of if the access the whole system!
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