libvips/README.md

# libvips : an image processing library

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# Introduction

libvips is a [demand-driven, horizontally
threaded](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/wiki/Why-is-libvips-quick)
image processing library. Compared to similar
libraries, [libvips runs quickly and uses little
memory](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/wiki/Speed-and-memory-use).
libvips is licensed under the [LGPL
2.1+](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.en.html).

It has around [300
operations](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/func-list.html)
covering arithmetic, histograms, convolution, morphological
operations, frequency filtering, colour, resampling,
statistics and others. It supports a large range of [numeric
types](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsBandFormat),
from 8-bit int to 128-bit complex. Images can have any number of bands.
It supports a good range of image formats, including JPEG, JPEG2000, JPEG-XL,
TIFF, PNG, WebP, HEIC, AVIF, FITS, Matlab, OpenEXR, PDF, SVG, HDR, PPM / PGM /
PFM, CSV, GIF, Analyze, NIfTI, DeepZoom, and OpenSlide. It can also load
images via ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick, letting it work with formats
like DICOM.

It comes with bindings for
[C](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/using-from-c.html),
[C++](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/using-from-cpp.html),
and the
[command-line](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/using-cli.html).
Full bindings are available for :

| Language | Binding |
|---|---|
| Ruby | [ruby-vips](https://rubygems.org/gems/ruby-vips) |
| Python | [pyvips](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyvips) |
| PHP | [php-vips](https://github.com/libvips/php-vips) |
| C# / .NET | [NetVips](https://www.nuget.org/packages/NetVips) |
| Go | [govips](https://github.com/davidbyttow/govips) |
| Lua | [lua-vips](https://github.com/libvips/lua-vips) |
| Crystal | [crystal-vips](https://github.com/naqvis/crystal-vips) |
| Elixir | [vix](https://github.com/akash-akya/vix) |

libvips is used as an image processing engine by:

| |
|---|
| [sharp (on node.js)](https://www.npmjs.org/package/sharp) |
| [bimg](https://github.com/h2non/bimg) |
| [sharp for Go](https://github.com/DAddYE/vips) |
| [Ruby on Rails](https://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/active_storage_overview.html) |
| [carrierwave-vips](https://github.com/eltiare/carrierwave-vips) |
| [mediawiki](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:VipsScaler) |
| [PhotoFlow](https://github.com/aferrero2707/PhotoFlow) |

and others. The official libvips GUI is
[nip2](https://github.com/libvips/nip2), a strange combination of a
spreadsheet and a photo editor.

# Install

There are packages for most Unix-like operating systems, including
macOS. Check your package manager.

There are binaries for Windows in
[releases](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/releases).

The [libvips website](https://libvips.github.io/libvips) has [detailed
install notes](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html).

# Building from source

libvips uses the [Meson build system](https://mesonbuild.com), version 0.56
or later. Meson can use [`ninja`](https://ninja-build.org), Visual Studio or
XCode as a backend, so you'll also need one of them.

libvips must have `build-essential`, `pkg-config`, `libglib2.0-dev`,
`libexpat1-dev`.  See the **Dependencies** section below for a full list
of the libvips optional dependencies.

## Cheatsheet 

```
cd libvips-x.y.x
meson build --prefix=/aaa/bbb/ccc
cd build
meson compile
meson test
meson install
```

Check the output of `meson setup` carefully and make sure it found everything
you wanted it to find.  Add arguments to `meson setup` to change the build
configuration.

- Add flags like `-Dnsgif=false` to turn libvips options on and off, see
  `meson_options.txt` for a list of all the build options libvips supports.

- Add flags like `-Dmagick=disabled` to turn libvips dependencies on and off, 
  see `meson_options.txt` and the list below for a summary of all the libvips
  dependencies.

- Meson will do a debug build by default. Add `--buildtype=release` for a 
  release (optimised) build.

- You might need to add `--libdir=lib` on Debian if you don't want the arch 
  name in the library path.

- Add `--default-library=static` for a static build.

- Use eg. `CC=clang CXX=clang++ meson setup ...` to change compiler.

- You can have many `build-dir`, pick whatever names you like, for example 
  one for release and one for debug.

There's a more comprehensive test suite you can run once libvips has been
installed. Use `pytest` in the libvips base directory.

## Optional dependencies

If suitable versions are found, libvips will add support for the following
libraries automatically. Packages are generally found with `pkg-config`,
so make sure that is working. 

### libjpeg

Anything that is compatible with the IJG JPEG library. Use `mozjpeg` if you
can. Another option is `libjpeg-turbo`. 

### libexif

If available, libvips adds support for EXIF metadata in JPEG files.

### librsvg

The usual SVG loader. If this is not present, vips will try to load SVGs
via imagemagick instead.

### PDFium

If present, libvips will attempt to load PDFs with PDFium. Download the 
prebuilt pdfium binary from: 

    https://github.com/bblanchon/pdfium-binaries

Untar to the libvips install prefix, for example:

    cd ~/vips
    tar xf ~/pdfium-linux.tgz

Create a `pdfium.pc` like this (update the version number):

    VIPSHOME=/home/john/vips
    cat > $VIPSHOME/lib/pkgconfig/pdfium.pc << EOF
         prefix=$VIPSHOME
         exec_prefix=\${prefix}
         libdir=\${exec_prefix}/lib
         includedir=\${prefix}/include
         Name: pdfium
         Description: pdfium
         Version: 4290
         Requires:
         Libs: -L\${libdir} -lpdfium
         Cflags: -I\${includedir}
    EOF

If PDFium is not detected, libvips will look for `poppler-glib` instead.

### poppler-glib

The Poppler PDF renderer, with a glib API. If this is not present, vips
will try to load PDFs via imagemagick.

### cgif

If available, libvips will save GIFs with
[cgif](https://github.com/dloebl/cgif). If this is not present, vips will
try to save gifs via imagemagick instead.

### libgsf-1

If available, libvips adds support for creating image pyramids with `dzsave`. 

### libtiff

The TIFF library. It needs to be built with support for JPEG and
ZIP compression. 3.4b037 and later are known to be OK. 

### fftw3

If libvips finds this library, it uses it for fourier transforms. 

### lcms2

If present, `vips_icc_import()`, `vips_icc_export()` and `vips_icc_transform()`
can be used to manipulate images with ICC profiles. 

### libspng

If present, libvips will load and save PNG files using libspng. If not, it
will look for the standard libpng package.

### libimagequant, quantizr

If one of these quantisation packages is present, libvips can write 8-bit
palette-ised PNGs and GIFs.

### ImageMagick, or optionally GraphicsMagick

If available, libvips adds support for loading and saving all
libMagick-supported image file types. You can enable and disable load and save
separately. 

Imagemagick 6.9+ needs to have been built with `--with-modules`. Most packaged
IMs are, I think.

If you are going to be using libvips with untrusted images, perhaps in a
web server, for example, you should consider the security implications of
enabling a package with such a large attack surface. 

### pangocairo

If available, libvips adds support for text rendering. You need the
package pangocairo in `pkg-config --list-all`.

### orc-0.4

If available, vips will accelerate some operations with this run-time
compiler.

### matio

If available, vips can load images from Matlab save files.

### cfitsio

If available, vips can load FITS images.

### libwebp

If available, vips can load and save WebP images.

### libniftiio

If available, vips can load and save NIfTI images.

### OpenEXR

If available, libvips will directly read (but not write, sadly)
OpenEXR images.

### OpenJPEG

If available, libvips will read and write JPEG2000 images.

### libjxl

If available, libvips will read and write JPEG-XL images.

### OpenSlide

If available, libvips can load OpenSlide-supported virtual slide
files: Aperio, Hamamatsu, Leica, MIRAX, Sakura, Trestle, and Ventana.

### libheif

If available, libvips can load and save HEIC and AVIF images. Your libheif (in
turn) needs to be built with the correct decoders and encoders. You can check
with eg.:

```
$ pkg-config libheif --print-variables
builtin_avif_decoder
builtin_avif_encoder
builtin_h265_decoder
builtin_h265_encoder
exec_prefix
includedir
libdir
pcfiledir
prefix
```

# Contributors

### Code Contributors

This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute. 

<a href="https://github.com/libvips/libvips/graphs/contributors"><img src="https://opencollective.com/libvips/contributors.svg?width=890&button=false" /></a>

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