nuttx-apps/nshlib/README.txt

apps/nshlib
^^^^^^^^^^^

  This directory contains the NuttShell (NSH) library.  This library can be
  linked with other logic to provide a simple shell application for NuttX.

  - Console/NSH Front End
  - Command Overview
  - Conditional Command Execution
  - Looping
  - Built-In Variables
  - Current Working Directory
    Environment Variables
  - NSH Start-Up Script
  - Simple Commands
  - Built-In Applications
  - NSH Configuration Settings
    Command Dependencies on Configuration Settings
    Built-in Application Configuration Settings
    NSH-Specific Configuration Settings
  - Common Problems

Console/NSH Front End
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  Using settings in the configuration file, NSH may be configured to
  use either the serial stdin/out or a telnet connection as the console
  or BOTH.  When NSH is started, you will see the following welcome on
  either console:

    NuttShell (NSH)
    nsh>

  'nsh>' is the NSH prompt and indicates that you may enter a command
   from the console.

Command Overview
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  This directory contains the NuttShell (NSH).  This is a simple
  shell-like application.  At present, NSH supports the following commands
  forms:

    Simple command:                  <cmd>
    Command with re-directed output: <cmd> > <file>
                                     <cmd> >> <file>
    Background command:              <cmd> &
    Re-directed background command:  <cmd> > <file> &
                                     <cmd> >> <file> &

  Where:

    <cmd>  is any one of the simple commands listed later.
    <file> is the full or relative path to any writeable object
           in the file system name space (file or character driver).
           Such objects will be referred to simply as files throughout
           this README.

  NSH executes at the mid-priority (128).  Backgrounded commands can
  be made to execute at higher or lower priorities using nice:

    [nice [-d <niceness>>]] <cmd> [> <file>|>> <file>] [&]

  Where <niceness> is any value between -20 and 19 where lower
  (more negative values) correspond to higher priorities.  The
  default niceness is 10.

  Multiple commands per line.  NSH will accept multiple commands per
  command line with each command separated with the semi-colon character (;).

  If CONFIG_NSH_CMDPARMS is selected, then the output from commands, from
  file applications, and from NSH built-in commands can be used as arguments
  to other commands.  The entity to be executed is identified by enclosing
  the command line in back quotes.  For example,

    set FOO `myprogram $BAR`

  Will execute the program named myprogram passing it the value of the
  environment variable BAR.  The value of the environment variable FOO
  is then set output of myprogram on stdout.  Because this feature commits
  significant resources, it is disabled by default.

  If CONFIG_NSH_ARGCAT is selected, the support concatenation of strings
  with environment variables or command output.  For example:

    set FOO XYZ
    set BAR 123
    set FOOBAR ABC_${FOO}_${BAR}

  would set the environment variable FOO to XYZ, BAR to 123 and FOOBAR
  to ABC_XYZ_123.  If NSH_ARGCAT is not selected, then a slightly small
  FLASH footprint results but then also only simple environment
  variables like $FOO can be used on the command line.

Conditional Command Execution
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  An if-then[-else]-fi construct is also supported in order to
  support conditional execution of commands.  This works from the
  command line but is primarily intended for use within NSH scripts
  (see the sh command).  The syntax is as follows:

    if <cmd>
    then
      [sequence of <cmd>]
    else
      [sequence of <cmd>]
    fi

Looping
^^^^^^^

  while-do-done and until-do-done looping constructs are also supported.
  These works from the command line but are primarily intended for use
  within NSH scripts (see the sh command).  The syntax is as follows:

    while <test-cmd>; do <cmd-sequence>; done

        Execute <cmd-sequence> as long as <test-cmd> has an exit status of
        zero.

    until <test-cmd>; do <cmd-sequence>; done

        Execute <cmd-sequence> as long as <test-cmd> has a non-zero exit
        status.

  A break command is also supported.  The break command is only meaningful
  within the body of the a while or until loop, between the do and done
  tokens. If the break command is executed within the body of a loop, the
  loop will immediately terminate and execution will continue with the
  next command immediately following the done token.

Built-In Variables
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  $? - The result of the last simple command execution

Current Working Directory
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  All path arguments to commands may be either an absolute path or a
  path relative to the current working directory.  The current working
  directory is set using the 'cd' command and can be queried either
  by using the 'pwd' command or by using the 'echo $PWD' command.

  Environment Variables:
  ----------------------

    PWD    - The current working directory
    OLDPWD - The previous working directory

NSH Start-Up Script
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

NSH supports options to provide a start up script for NSH.  In general
this capability is enabled with CONFIG_NSH_ROMFSETC, but has
several other related configuration options as described in the final
section of this README.  This capability also depends on:

  - CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT not set
  - CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 4
  - CONFIG_FS_ROMFS

Default Start-Up Behavior
-------------------------

The implementation that is provided is intended to provide great flexibility
for the use of Start-Up files.  This paragraph will discuss the general
behavior when all of the configuration options are set to the default
values.

In this default case, enabling CONFIG_NSH_ROMFSETC will cause
NSH to behave as follows at NSH startup time:

- NSH will create a read-only RAM disk (a ROM disk), containing a tiny
  ROMFS file system containing the following:

    |--init.d/
         `-- rcS

   Where rcS is the NSH start-up script

- NSH will then mount the ROMFS file system at /etc, resulting in:

   |--dev/
   |   `-- ram0
   `--etc/
       `--init.d/
           `-- rcS

- By default, the contents of rcS script are:

    # Create a RAMDISK and mount it at XXXRDMOUNTPOINTXXX

    mkrd -m 1 -s 512 1024
    mkfatfs /dev/ram1
    mount -t vfat /dev/ram1 /tmp

- NSH will execute the script at /etc/init.d/rcS at start-up (before the
  first NSH prompt.  After execution of the script, the root FS will look
  like:

   |--dev/
   |   |-- ram0
   |   `-- ram1
   |--etc/
   |   `--init.d/
   |       `-- rcS
   `--tmp/

Modifying the ROMFS Image
-------------------------

The contents of the /etc directory are retained in the file
apps/nshlib/nsh_romfsimg.h (OR, if CONFIG_NSH_ARCHROMFS
is defined, include/arch/board/rcS.template).  In order to modify
the start-up behavior, there are three things to study:

1. Configuration Options.
   The additional CONFIG_NSH_ROMFSETC configuration options
   discussed in the final section of this README.

2. tools/mkromfsimg.sh Script.
   The script tools/mkromfsimg.sh creates nsh_romfsimg.h.
   It is not automatically executed.  If you want to change the
   configuration settings associated with creating and mounting
   the /tmp directory, then it will be necessary to re-generate
   this header file using the mkromfsimg.sh script.

   The behavior of this script depends upon three things:

   - The configuration settings of the installed NuttX configuration.
   - The genromfs tool (available from http://romfs.sourceforge.net).
   - The file apps/nshlib/rcS.template (OR, if
     CONFIG_NSH_ARCHROMFS is defined, include/arch/board/rcs.template)

3. rcS.template.
   The file apps/nshlib/rcS.template contains the general form
   of the rcS file; configured values are plugged into this
   template file to produce the final rcS file.

NOTE:

   apps/nshlib/rcS.template generates the standard, default
   nsh_romfsimg.h file.  If CONFIG_NSH_ARCHROMFS is defined
   in the NuttX configuration file, then a custom, board-specific
   nsh_romfsimg.h file residing in configs/<board>/include will be
   used.  NOTE when the OS is configured, include/arch/board will
   be linked to configs/<board>/include.

All of the startup-behavior is contained in rcS.template.  The
role of mkromfsimg.sh is to (1) apply the specific configuration
settings to rcS.template to create the final rcS, and (2) to
generate the header file nsh_romfsimg.h containing the ROMFS
file system image.

Simple Commands
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

o [ <expression> ]
o test <expression>

   These are two alternative forms of the same command.  They support
   evaluation of a boolean expression which sets $?.  This command
   is used most frequently as the conditional command following the
   'if' in the if-then[-else]-fi construct.

   Expression Syntax:
   ------------------

     expression = simple-expression | !expression |
                  expression -o expression | expression -a expression

     simple-expression = unary-expression | binary-expression

     unary-expression = string-unary | file-unary

     string-unary = -n string | -z string

     file-unary = -b file | -c file | -d file | -e file | -f file |
                  -r file | -s file | -w file

     binary-expression = string-binary | numeric-binary

     string-binary = string = string | string == string | string != string

     numeric-binary = integer -eq integer | integer -ge integer |
                      integer -gt integer | integer -le integer |
                      integer -lt integer | integer -ne integer

o addroute <target> [<netmask>] <router>

  This command adds an entry in the routing table.  The new entry
  will map the IP address of a router on a local network(<router>)
  to an external network characterized by the <target> IP address and
  a network mask <netmask>

  The netmask may also be expressed using IPv4 CIDR or IPv6 slash
  notation.  In that case, the netmask need not be provided.

  Example:

    nsh> addroute 11.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2

  which is equivalent to

    nsh> addroute 11.0.0.0/24 10.0.0.2

o arp [-a <ipaddr>|-d <ipaddr>|-s <ipaddr> <hwaddr>]

  Access the OS ARP table.

  -a <ipaddr>
     Will show the hardware address that the IP address <ipaddr> is mapped to.

  -d <ipaddr>
     Will delete the mapping for the IP address <ipaddr> from the ARP table.

  -s <ipaddr> <hwaddr>
     Will set (or replace) the mapping of the IP address <ipaddr> to the
     hardware address <hwaddr>.

  Example:

    nsh> arp -a 10.0.0.1
    nsh: arp: no such ARP entry: 10.0.0.1

    nsh> arp -s 10.0.0.1 00:13:3b:12:73:e6
    nsh> arp -a 10.0.0.1
    HWAddr: 00:13:3b:12:73:e6

    nsh> arp -d 10.0.0.1
    nsh> arp -a 10.0.0.1
    nsh: arp: no such ARP entry: 10.0.0.1

o base64dec [-w] [-f] <string or filepath>

o base64dec [-w] [-f] <string or filepath>

o basename <path> [<suffix>]

  Extract the final string from a <path> by removing the preceding path
  segments and (optionally) removing any trailing <suffix>.

o break

  The break command is only meaningful within the body of the a while or
  until loop, between the do and done tokens. Outside of a loop, break
  command does nothing. If the break command is executed within the body
  of a loop, the loop will immediately terminate and execution will
  continue with the next command immediately following the done token.

o cat <path> [<path> [<path> ...]]

  This command copies and concatenates all of the files at <path>
  to the console (or to another file if the output is redirected).

o cd [<dir-path>|-|~|..]

  Changes the current working directory (PWD).  Also sets the
  previous working directory environment variable (OLDPWD).

  FORMS:
  ------

    'cd <dir-path>' sets the current working directory to <dir-path>.
    'cd -' sets the current working directory to the previous
       working directory ($OLDPWD).  Equivalent to 'cd $OLDPWD'.
    'cd' or 'cd ~' set the current working directory to the 'home'
       directory.  The 'home' directory can be configured by setting
       CONFIG_LIB_HOMEDIR in the configuration file.  The default
       'home' directory is '/'.
    'cd ..' sets the current working directory to the parent directory.

o cmp <path1> <path2>

  Compare of the contents of the file at <file1> with the contents of
  the file at <path2>.  Returns an indication only if the files differ.

o cp <source-path> <dest-path>

  Copy of the contents of the file at <source-path> to the location
  in the file system indicated by <path-path>

o date [-s "MMM DD HH:MM:SS YYYY"]

  Show or set the current date and time.

  Only one format is used both on display and when setting the date/time:
  MMM DD HH:MM:SS YYYY.  For example,

    data -s "Sep 1 11:30:00 2011"

  24-hour time format is assumed.

o dd if=<infile> of=<outfile> [bs=<sectsize>] [count=<sectors>] [skip=<sectors>]

  Copy blocks from <infile> to <outfile>.  <nfile> or <outfile> may
  be the path to a standard file, a character device, or a block device.

  Examples:

    1. Read from character device, write to regular file.  This will
       create a new file of the specified size filled with zero.

    nsh> dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/zeros bs=64 count=16
    nsh> ls -l /tmp
    /tmp:
     -rw-rw-rw-    1024 ZEROS

    2. Read from character device, write to block device.  This will
       fill the entire block device with zeros.

    nsh> ls -l /dev
    /dev:
     brw-rw-rw-       0 ram0
     crw-rw-rw-       0 zero
    nsh> dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram0

    3. Read from a block devic, write to a character device.  This
       will read the entire block device and dump the contents in
       the bit bucket.

    nsh> ls -l /dev
    /dev:
     crw-rw-rw-       0 null
     brw-rw-rw-       0 ram0
    nsh> dd if=/dev/ram0 of=/dev/null

o delroute <target> [<netmask>]

  This command removes an entry from the routing table.  The entry
  removed will be the first entry in the routing table that matches
  the external network characterized by the <target> IP address and
  the network mask <netmask>

  The netmask may also be expressed using IPv4 CIDR or IPv6 slash
  notation.  In that case, the netmask need not be provided.

  Example:

    nsh> delroute 11.0.0.0 255.255.255.0

  which is equivalent to

    nsh> delroute 11.0.0.0/24

o df

  Show the state of each mounted volume.

  Example:

  nsh> mount
   /etc type romfs
    /tmp type vfat
  nsh> df
    Block  Number
    Size   Blocks     Used Available Mounted on
      64        6        6         0 /etc
     512      985        2       983 /tmp
  nsh>

o dirname <path>

  Extract the path string leading up to the full <path> by removing
  the final directory or file name.

o echo [<string|$name> [<string|$name>...]]

  Copy the sequence of strings and expanded environment variables to
  console out (or to a file if the output is re-directed).

o exec <hex-address>

  Execute the user logic at address <hex-address>.  NSH will pause
  until the execution unless the user logic is executed in background
  via 'exec <hex-address> &'

o exit

  Exit NSH.  Only useful if you have started some other tasks (perhaps
  using the 'exec' command') and you would like to have NSH out of the
  way.

o free

  Show the current state of the memory allocator.  For example,

  nsh> free
  free
               total       used       free    largest
  Mem:       4194288    1591552    2602736    2601584

  Where:
    total - This is the total size of memory allocated for use
      by malloc in bytes.
    used - This is the total size of memory occupied by
      chunks handed out by malloc.
    free - This is the total size of memory occupied by
      free (not in use) chunks.
    largest - Size of the largest free (not in use) chunk

o get [-b|-n] [-f <local-path>] -h <ip-address> <remote-path>

  Use TFTP to copy the file at <remote-address> from the host whose IP
  address is identified by <ip-address>.  Other options:

  -f <local-path>
     The file will be saved relative to the current working directory
      unless <local-path> is provided.
  -b|-n
      Selects either binary ("octet") or test ("netascii") transfer
      mode.  Default: text.

o help [-v] [<cmd>]

  Presents summary information about NSH commands to console. Options:

  -v
    Show verbose output will full command usage

  <cmd>
    Show full command usage only for this command

o hexdump <file or device>

  Dump data in hexadecimal format from a file or character device.

o ifconfig [nic_name [<ip-address>|dhcp]] [dr|gw|gateway <dr-address>] [netmask <net-mask>] [dns <dns-address>] [hw <hw-mac>]

  Show the current configuration of the network, for example:

    nsh> ifconfig
    eth0    HWaddr 00:18:11:80:10:06
            IPaddr:10.0.0.2 DRaddr:10.0.0.1 Mask:255.255.255.0

  if networking statistics are enabled (CONFIG_NET_STATISTICS), then
  this command will also show the detailed state of transfers by protocol.

  NOTE: This commands depends upon having the rpocfs file system configured
  into the system.   The procfs file system must also have been mounted
  with a command like:

    nsh> mount -t procfs /proc

o ifdown <interface>

  Take down the interface identified by the name <interface>.

  Example:

    ifdown eth0

o ifup <interface>

  Bring up down the interface identified by the name <interface>.

  Example:

    ifup eth0

o insmod <file-path> <module-name>

  Install the loadable OS module at <file-path> as module <module-name>

  Example:

    nsh> ls -l /mnt/romfs
    /mnt/romfs:
     dr-xr-xr-x       0 .
     -r-xr-xr-x    9153 chardev
    nsh> ls -l /dev
    /dev:
     crw-rw-rw-       0 console
     crw-rw-rw-       0 null
     brw-rw-rw-       0 ram0
     crw-rw-rw-       0 ttyS0
    nsh> insmod /mnt/romfs/chardev mydriver
    nsh> ls -l /dev
    /dev:
     crw-rw-rw-       0 chardev
     crw-rw-rw-       0 console
     crw-rw-rw-       0 null
     brw-rw-rw-       0 ram0
     crw-rw-rw-       0 ttyS0
    nsh> lsmod
    NAME                 INIT   UNINIT      ARG     TEXT     SIZE     DATA     SIZE
    mydriver         20404659 20404625        0 20404580      552 204047a8        0

o kill -<signal> <pid>

  Send the <signal> to the task identified by <pid>.

o losetup [-d <dev-path>] | [[-o <offset>] [-r] <ldev-path> <file-path>]

  Setup or teardown the loop device:

  1. Teardown the setup for the loop device at <dev-path>:

    losetup d <dev-path>

  2. Setup the loop device at <dev-path> to access the file at <file-path>
     as a block device:

    losetup [-o <offset>] [-r] <dev-path> <file-path>

  Example:

    nsh> dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/image bs=512 count=512
    nsh> ls -l /tmp
    /tmp:
     -rw-rw-rw-   262144 IMAGE
    nsh> losetup /dev/loop0 /tmp/image
    nsh> ls -l /dev
    /dev:
     brw-rw-rw-       0 loop0
    nsh> mkfatfs /dev/loop0
    nsh> mount -t vfat /dev/loop0 /mnt/example
    nsh> ls -l /mnt
    ls -l /mnt
    /mnt:
     drw-rw-rw-       0 example/
    nsh> echo "This is a test" >/mnt/example/atest.txt
    nsh> ls -l /mnt/example
    /mnt/example:
     -rw-rw-rw-      16 ATEST.TXT
    nsh> cat /mnt/example/atest.txt
    This is a test
    nsh>

o ln [-s] <target> <link>

  The link command will create a new symbolic link at <link> for the
  existing file or directory, <target>.  This implementation is simplied
  for use with NuttX in these ways:

    - Links may be created only within the NuttX top-level, pseudo file
      system.  No file system currently supported by NuttX provides
      symbolic links.
    - For the same reason, only soft links are implemented.
    - File privileges are ignored.
    - c_time is not updated.

o ls [-lRs] <dir-path>

  Show the contents of the directory at <dir-path>.  NOTE:
  <dir-path> must refer to a directory and no other file system
  object.

  Options:
  --------

     -R Show the constents of specified directory and all of its
        sub-directories.
     -s Show the size of the files along with the filenames in the
        listing
     -l Show size and mode information along with the filenames
        in the listing.

o lsmod

  Show information about the currently installed OS modules.  This information includes:

  - The module name assigned to the module when it was installed (NAME, string).
  - The address of the module initialization function (INIT, hexadecimal).
  - The address of the module un-initialization function (UNINIT, hexadecimal).
  - An argument that will be passed to the module un-initialization function (ARG, hexadecimal).
  - The start of the .text memory region (TEXT, hexadecimal).
  - The size of the .text memory region size (SIZE, decimal).
  - The start of the .bss/.data memory region (DATA, hexadecimal).
  - The size of the .bss/.data memory region size (SIZE, decimal).

  Example:

    nsh> lsmod
    NAME                 INIT   UNINIT      ARG     TEXT     SIZE     DATA     SIZE
    mydriver         20404659 20404625        0 20404580      552 204047a8        0

o md5 [-f] <string or filepath>

o mb <hex-address>[=<hex-value>][ <hex-byte-count>]
o mh <hex-address>[=<hex-value>][ <hex-byte-count>]
o mw <hex-address>[=<hex-value>][ <hex-byte-count>]

  Access memory using byte size access (mb), 16-bit accesses (mh),
  or 32-bit access (mw).  In each case,

    <hex-address>. Specifies the address to be accessed.  The current
      value at that address will always be read and displayed.
    <hex-address>=<hex-value>.  Read the value, then write <hex-value>
      to the location.
    <hex-byte-count>.  Perform the mb, mh, or mw operation on a total
      of <hex-byte-count> bytes, increment the <hex-address> appropriately
      after each access

  Example

    nsh> mh 0 16
      0 = 0x0c1e
      2 = 0x0100
      4 = 0x0c1e
      6 = 0x0110
      8 = 0x0c1e
      a = 0x0120
      c = 0x0c1e
      e = 0x0130
      10 = 0x0c1e
      12 = 0x0140
      14 = 0x0c1e
    nsh>

o mkdir <path>

  Create the directory at <path>.  All components of of <path>
  except the final directory name must exist on a mounted file
  system; the final directory must not.

  Recall that NuttX uses a pseudo file system for its root file system.
  The mkdir command can only be used to create directories in volumes
  set up with the mount command; it cannot be used to create directories
  in the pseudo file system.

  Example:
  ^^^^^^^^

    nsh> mkdir /mnt/fs/tmp
    nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs
    /mnt/fs:
     drw-rw-rw-       0 TESTDIR/
     drw-rw-rw-       0 TMP/
    nsh>

o mkfatfs [-F <fatsize>] <block-driver>

  Format a fat file system on the block device specified by <block-driver>
  path.  The FAT size may be provided as an option.  Without the <fatsize>
  option, mkfatfs will select either the FAT12 or FAT16 format.  For
  historical reasons, if you want the FAT32 format, it must be explicitly
  specified on the command line.

  NSH provides this command to access the mkfatfs() NuttX API.
  This block device must reside in the NuttX pseudo file system and
  must have been created by some call to register_blockdriver() (see
  include/nuttx/fs/fs.h).

o mkfifo <path>

  Creates a FIFO character device anywhere in the pseudo file system,
  creating whatever pseudo directories that may be needed to complete
  the full path.  By convention, however, device drivers are place in
  the standard /dev directory. After it is created, the FIFO device
  may be used as any other device driver. NSH provides this command
  to access the mkfifo() NuttX API.

  Example:
  ^^^^^^^^

    nsh> ls -l /dev
    /dev:
     crw-rw-rw-       0 console
     crw-rw-rw-       0 null
     brw-rw-rw-       0 ram0
    nsh> mkfifo /dev/fifo
    nsh> ls -l /dev
    ls -l /dev
    /dev:
     crw-rw-rw-       0 console
     crw-rw-rw-       0 fifo
     crw-rw-rw-       0 null
     brw-rw-rw-       0 ram0
    nsh>

o mkrd [-m <minor>] [-s <sector-size>] <nsectors>

  Create a ramdisk consisting of <nsectors>, each of size
  <sector-size> (or 512 bytes if <sector-size> is not specified.
  The ramdisk will be registered as /dev/ram<n> (if <n> is not
  specified, mkrd will attempt to register the ramdisk as
  /dev/ram0.

  Example:
  ^^^^^^^^

    nsh> ls /dev
    /dev:
     console
     null
     ttyS0
     ttyS1
    nsh> mkrd 1024
    nsh> ls /dev
    /dev:
     console
     null
     ram0
     ttyS0
     ttyS1
    nsh>

  Once the ramdisk has been created, it may be formatted using
  the mkfatfs command and mounted using the mount command.

  Example:
  ^^^^^^^^
    nsh> mkrd 1024
    nsh> mkfatfs /dev/ram0
    nsh> mount -t vfat /dev/ram0 /tmp
    nsh> ls /tmp
    /tmp:
    nsh>

o mount [-t <fstype> [-o <options>] <block-device> <dir-path>]

  The mount command performs one of two different operations.  If no
  parameters are provided on the command line after the mount command,
  then the 'mount' command will enumerate all of the current
  mountpoints on the console.

  If the mount parameters are provied on the command after the 'mount'
  command, then the 'mount' command will mount a file system in the
  NuttX pseudo-file system.  'mount' performs a three way association,
  binding:

    File system.  The '-t <fstype>' option identifies the type of
      file system that has been formatted on the <block-device>.  As
      of this writing, vfat is the only supported value for <fstype>

    Block Device.  The <block-device> argument is the full or relative
      path to a block driver inode in the pseudo file system.  By convention,
      this is a name under the /dev sub-directory.  This <block-device>
      must have been previously formatted with the same file system
      type as specified by <fstype>

    Mount Point.  The mount point is the location in the pseudo file
      system where the mounted volume will appear.  This mount point
      can only reside in the NuttX pseudo file system.  By convention, this
      mount point is a subdirectory under /mnt.  The mount command will
      create whatever pseudo directories that may be needed to complete
      the full path but the full path must not already exist.

  After the volume has been mounted in the NuttX pseudo file
  system, it may be access in the same way as other objects in the
  file system.

  Examples:
  ^^^^^^^^^

    nsh> ls -l /dev
    /dev:
     crw-rw-rw-       0 console
     crw-rw-rw-       0 null
     brw-rw-rw-       0 ram0
    nsh> ls /mnt
    nsh: ls: no such directory: /mnt
    nsh> mount -t vfat /dev/ram0 /mnt/fs
    nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs/testdir
    /mnt/fs/testdir:
     -rw-rw-rw-      15 TESTFILE.TXT
    nsh> echo "This is a test" >/mnt/fs/testdir/example.txt
    nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs/testdir
    /mnt/fs/testdir:
    -rw-rw-rw-      15 TESTFILE.TXT
     -rw-rw-rw-      16 EXAMPLE.TXT
    nsh> cat /mnt/fs/testdir/example.txt
    This is a test
    nsh>

    nsh> mount
      /etc type romfs
      /tmp type vfat
      /mnt/fs type vfat

o mv <old-path> <new-path>

  Rename the file object at <old-path> to <new-path>.  Both paths must
  reside in the same mounted file system.

o nfsmount <server-address> <mount-point> <remote-path>

  Mount the remote NFS server directory <remote-path> at <mount-point> on the target machine.
  <server-address> is the IP address of the remote server.

o nslookup <host-name>

  Lookup and print the IP address associated with <host-name>

o passwd <username> <password>

  Set the password for the existing user <username> to <password>

o poweroff

  Shutdown and power off the system.  This command depends on hardware
  support to power down or reset the system.

  NOTE: Supporting both the poweroff and shutdown commands is redundant.

o ps

  Show the currently active threads and tasks.  For example,

    nsh> ps
    PID PRI POLICY   TYPE    NPX STATE    EVENT     SIGMASK  COMMAND
      0   0 FIFO     Kthread --- Ready              00000000 Idle Task
      1 128 RR       Task    --- Running            00000000 init
      2 128 FIFO     Task    --- Waiting  Semaphore 00000000 nsh_telnetmain()
      3 100 RR       pthread --- Waiting  Semaphore 00000000 <pthread>(21)
    nsh>

  NOTE: This commands depends upon having the rpocfs file system configured
  into the system.   The procfs file system must also have been mounted
  with a command like:

    nsh> mount -t procfs /proc

o put [-b|-n] [-f <remote-path>] -h <ip-address> <local-path>

  Copy the file at <local-address> to the host whose IP address is
  identified by <ip-address>.  Other options:

  -f <remote-path>
     The file will be saved with the same name on the host unless
      unless <local-path> is provided.
  -b|-n
      Selects either binary ("octet") or test ("netascii") transfer
      mode.  Default: text.

o pwd

  Show the current working directory.

    nsh> cd /dev
    nsh> pwd
    /dev
    nsh>

  Same as 'echo $PWD'

    nsh> echo $PWD
    /dev
    nsh>

o readlink <link>

  Show target of a soft link.

o reboot

  Reset and reboot the system immediately.  This command depends on hardware
  support to reset the system.

  NOTE: Supporting both the reboot and shutdown commands is redundant.

o rm <file-path>

  Remove the specified <file-path> name from the mounted file system.
  Recall that NuttX uses a pseudo file system for its root file system.
  The rm command can only be used to remove (unlink) files in volumes
  set up with the mount command; it cannot be used to remove names from
  the pseudo file system.

  Example:
  ^^^^^^^^

    nsh> ls /mnt/fs/testdir
    /mnt/fs/testdir:
     TESTFILE.TXT
     EXAMPLE.TXT
    nsh> rm /mnt/fs/testdir/example.txt
    nsh> ls /mnt/fs/testdir
    /mnt/fs/testdir:
     TESTFILE.TXT
    nsh>

o rmdir <dir-path>

  Remove the specified <dir-path> directory from the mounted file system.
  Recall that NuttX uses a pseudo file system for its root file system. The
  rmdir command can only be used to remove directories from volumes set up
  with the mount command; it cannot be used to remove directories from the
  pseudo file system.

  Example:
  ^^^^^^^^

    nsh> mkdir /mnt/fs/tmp
    nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs
    /mnt/fs:
     drw-rw-rw-       0 TESTDIR/
     drw-rw-rw-       0 TMP/
    nsh> rmdir /mnt/fs/tmp
    nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs
    ls -l /mnt/fs
    /mnt/fs:
     drw-rw-rw-       0 TESTDIR/
    nsh>

o rmmod <module-name>

  Remove the loadable OS module with the <module-name>.  NOTE: An OS module
  can only be removed if it is not busy.

  Example:

    nsh> lsmod
    NAME                 INIT   UNINIT      ARG     TEXT     SIZE     DATA     SIZE
    mydriver         20404659 20404625        0 20404580      552 204047a8        0
    nsh> rmmod mydriver
    nsh> lsmod
    NAME                 INIT   UNINIT      ARG     TEXT     SIZE     DATA     SIZE
    nsh>

o route ipv4|ipv6

  Show the contents of routing table for IPv4 or IPv6.

  If only IPv4 or IPv6 is enabled, then the argument is optional but, if provided,
  must match the enabled internet protocol version.

o set [{+|-}{e|x|xe|ex}] [<name> <value>]

  Set the environment variable <name> to the sting <value> and or set NSH
  parser control options. For example,

    nsh> echo $foobar

    nsh> set foobar foovalue
    nsh> echo $foobar
    foovalue
    nsh>

  Set the 'exit on error control' and/or 'print a trace' of commands when parsing
  scripts in NSH.  The settinngs are in effect from the point of exection, until
  they are changed again, or in the case of the init script, the settings are
  returned to the default settings when it exits. Included child scripts will run
  with the parents settings and changes made in the child script will effect the
  parent on return.

    Use 'set -e' to enable and 'set +e' to disable (ignore) the exit condition on commands.
    The default is -e. Errors cause script to exit.

    Use 'set -x' to enable and 'set +x' to disable (silence) printing a trace of the script
    commands as they are ececuted.
    The default is +x. No printing of a trace of script commands as they are executed.

  Example 1 - no exit on command not found
    set +e
    notacommand

  Example 2 - will exit on command not found
    set -e
    notacommand

  Example 3 - will exit on command not found, and print a trace of the script commmands
    set -ex

  Example 4 - will exit on command not found, and print a trace of the script commmands
              and set foobar to foovalue.
    set -ex foobar foovalue
    nsh> echo $foobar
    foovalue


o sh <script-path>

  Execute the sequence of NSH commands in the file referred
  to by <script-path>.

o shutdown [--reboot]

  Shutdown and power off the system or, optionally, reset and reboot the
  system immediately.  This command depends on hardware support to power
  down or reset the system; one, both, or neither behavior may be
  supported.

  NOTE: The shutdown command duplicates the behavior of the poweroff and
  reboot commands.

o sleep <sec>

  Pause execution (sleep) of <sec> seconds.

o telnetd

  The Telnet daemon may be started either programmatically by calling
  nsh_telnetstart() or it may be started from the NSH command line using
  this telnetd command.

  Normally this command would be suppressed with CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_TELNETD
  because the Telnet daemon is automatically started in nsh_main.c.  The
  exception is when CONFIG_NSH_NETLOCAL is selected.  IN that case, the
  network is not enabled at initialization but rather must be enabled from
  the NSH command line or via other applications.

  In that case, calling nsh_telnetstart() before the the network is
  initialized will fail.

o time "<command>"

  Perform command timing.  This command will execute the following <command>
  string and then show how much time was required to execute the command.
  Time is shown with a resolution of 100 microseconds which may be beyond
  the resolution of many configurations.  Note that the <command> must be
  enclosed in quotation marks if it contains spaces or other
  delimiters.

  Example:

    nsh> time "sleep 2"

    2.0100 sec
    nsh>

  The additional 10 millseconds in this example is due to the way that the
  sleep command works: It always waits one system clock tick longer than
  requested and this test setup used a 10 millisecond periodic system
  timer.  Sources of error could include various quantization errors,
  competing CPU usage,  and the additional overhead of the time command
  execution itself which is included in the total.

  The reported time is the elapsed time from starting of the command to
  completion of the command.  This elapsed time may not necessarily be
  just the processing time for the command.  It may included interrupt
  level processing, for example.  In a busy system, command processing could
  be delayed if pre-empted by other, higher priority threads competing for
  CPU time.  So the reported time includes all CPU processing from the start
  of the command to its finish possibly including unrelated processing time
  during that interval.

  Notice that:

    nsh> time "sleep 2 &"
    sleep [3:100]

    0.0000 sec
    nsh>

  Since the sleep command is executed in background, the sleep command
  completes almost immediately.  As opposed to the following where the
  time command is run in background with the sleep command:

    nsh> time "sleep 2" &
    time [3:100]
    nsh>
    2.0100 sec

o unset <name>

  Remove the value associated with the environment variable
  <name>.  Example:

    nsh> echo $foobar
    foovalue
    nsh> unset foobar
    nsh> echo $foobar

    nsh>

o urldecode [-f] <string or filepath>

o urlencode [-f] <string or filepath>

o uname [-a | -imnoprsv]

  Print certain system information.  With no options, the output is the same as -s.

    -a Print all information, in the following order, except omit -p and -i if unknown:

    -s, -o, Print the operating system name (NuttX)

    -n Print the network node hostname (only availabel if CONFIG_NET=y)

    -r Print the kernel release

    -v Print the kernel version

    -m Print the machine hardware name

    -i Print the machine platform name

    -p Print "unknown"

o useradd <username> <password>

  Add a new user with <username> and <password>

o userdel <username>

  Delete the user with the name <username>

o usleep <usec>

  Pause execution (sleep) of <usec> microseconds.

o wget [-o <local-path>] <url>

  Use HTTP to copy the file at <url> to the current directory.
  Options:

  -o <local-path>
     The file will be saved relative to the current working directory
     and with the same name as on the HTTP server unless <local-path>
     is provided.

o xd <hex-address> <byte-count>

  Dump <byte-count> bytes of data from address <hex-address>

  Example:
  ^^^^^^^^

    nsh> xd 410e0 512
    Hex dump:
    0000: 00 00 00 00 9c 9d 03 00 00 00 00 01 11 01 10 06 ................
    0010: 12 01 11 01 25 08 13 0b 03 08 1b 08 00 00 02 24 ....%..........$
    ...
    01f0: 08 3a 0b 3b 0b 49 13 00 00 04 13 01 01 13 03 08 .:.;.I..........
    nsh>

Built-In Commands
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In addition to the commands that are part of NSH listed above, there can be
additional, external "built-in" applications that can be added to NSH.
These are separately excecuble programs but will appear much like the
commands that are a part of NSH.  The primary difference from the user's
perspective is that help information about the built-in applications is not
directly available from NSH.  Rather, you will need to execute the
application with the -h option to get help about using the built-in
applications.

There are several built-in appliations in the apps/ repository.  No attempt
is made here to enumerate all of them.  But a few of the more common built-
in applications are listed below.

o ping [-c <count>] [-i <interval>] <ip-address>
  ping6 [-c <count>] [-i <interval>] <ip-address>

  Test the network communication with a remote peer.  Example,

    nsh> 10.0.0.1
    PING 10.0.0.1 56 bytes of data
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 time=0 ms
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 time=0 ms
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 time=0 ms
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 time=0 ms
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 time=0 ms
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=6 time=0 ms
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=7 time=0 ms
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=8 time=0 ms
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=9 time=0 ms
    56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=10 time=0 ms
    10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 10190 ms
    nsh>

  ping6 differs from ping in that it uses IPv6 addressing.

NSH Configuration Settings
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The availability of the above commands depends upon features that
may or may not be enabled in the NuttX configuration file.  The
following table indicates the dependency of each command on NuttX
configuration settings.  General configuration settings are discussed
in the NuttX Porting Guide.  Configuration settings specific to NSH
as discussed at the bottom of this README file.

Command Dependencies on Configuration Settings
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  Command    Depends on Configuration
  ---------- --------------------------
  [          !CONFIG_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT
  addroute   CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_NET_ROUTE
  arp        CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_NET_ARP
  base64dec  CONFIG_NETUTILS_CODECS && CONFIG_CODECS_BASE64
  base64enc  CONFIG_NETUTILS_CODECS && CONFIG_CODECS_BASE64
  basename   --
  break      !CONFIG_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT && !CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_LOOPS
  cat        CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0
  cd         !CONFIG_DISABLE_ENVIRON && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0
  cp         CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0
  dd         CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0
  delroute   CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_NET_ROUTE
  df         !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_FS_READABLE (see note 3)
  dirname    --
  echo       --
  exec       --
  exit       --
  free       --
  get        CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_NET_UDP && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && MTU >= 558  (see note 1)
  help       --
  hexdump    CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0
  ifconfig   CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_FS_PROCFS && !CONFIG_FS_PROCFS_EXCLUDE_NET
  ifdown     CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_FS_PROCFS && !CONFIG_FS_PROCFS_EXCLUDE_NET
  ifup       CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_FS_PROCFS && !CONFIG_FS_PROCFS_EXCLUDE_NET
  insmod     CONFIG_MODULE
  kill       !CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS
  losetup    !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_DEV_LOOP
  ln         CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_PSEUDOFS_SOFTLINK
  ls         CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0
  lsmod      CONFIG_MODULE && CONFIG_FS_PROCFS && !CONFIG_FS_PROCFS_EXCLUDE_MODULE
  md5        CONFIG_NETUTILS_CODECS && CONFIG_CODECS_HASH_MD5
  mb,mh,mw   ---
  mkdir      (((!CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_FS_WRITABLE) || !CONFIG_DISABLE_PSEUDOFS_OPERATIONS) && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0)
  mkfatfs    !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_FSUTILS_MKFATFS
  mkfifo     CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_PIPES && CONFIG_DEV_FIFO_SIZE > 0
  mkrd       !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_FS_WRITABLE (see note 4)
  mount      !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_FS_READABLE (see note 3)
  mv         (((!CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_FS_WRITABLE) || !CONFIG_DISABLE_PSEUDOFS_OPERATIONS) && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0) (see note 4)
  nfsmount   !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_NFS
  nslookup   CONFIG_LIBC_NETDB && CONFIG_NETDB_DNSCLIENT
  password   !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_FS_WRITABLE && CONFIG_NSH_LOGIN_PASSWD
  poweroff   CONFIG_BOARDCTL_POWEROFF
  ps         CONFIG_FS_PROCFS && !CONFIG_FS_PROCFS_EXCLUDE_PROC
  put        CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_NET_UDP && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && MTU >= 558 (see note 1,2)
  pwd        !CONFIG_DISABLE_ENVIRON && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0
  readlink   CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_PSEUDOFS_SOFTLINK
  reboot     CONFIG_BOARDCTL_RESET
  rm         (((!CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_FS_WRITABLE) || !CONFIG_DISABLE_PSEUDOFS_OPERATIONS) && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0)
  rmdir      (((!CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_FS_WRITABLE) || !CONFIG_DISABLE_PSEUDOFS_OPERATIONS) && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0)
  rmmod      CONFIG_MODULE
  route      CONFIG_FS_PROCFS && CONFIG_FS_PROCFS_EXCLUDE_NET &&
             !CONFIG_FS_PROCFS_EXCLUDE_ROUTE && CONFIG_NET_ROUTE &&
             !CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_ROUTE && (CONFIG_NET_IPv4 || CONFIG_NET_IPv6)
  set        !CONFIG_DISABLE_ENVIRON
  sh         CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_NFILE_STREAMS > 0 && !CONFIG_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT
  shutdown   CONFIG_BOARDCTL_POWEROFF || CONFIG_BOARDCTL_RESET
  sleep      !CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS
  test       !CONFIG_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT
  telnetd    CONFIG_NSH_TELNET && !CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_TELNETD
  time       ---
  umount     !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_FS_READABLE
  uname      !CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_UNAME
  unset      !CONFIG_DISABLE_ENVIRON
  urldecode  CONFIG_NETUTILS_CODECS && CONFIG_CODECS_URLCODE
  urlencode  CONFIG_NETUTILS_CODECS && CONFIG_CODECS_URLCODE
  useradd    !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_FS_WRITABLE && CONFIG_NSH_LOGIN_PASSWD
  userdel    !CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && CONFIG_FS_WRITABLE && CONFIG_NSH_LOGIN_PASSWD
  usleep     !CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS
  get        CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_NET_TCP && CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0
  xd         ---

* NOTES:
  1. Because of hardware padding, the actual MTU required for put and get
     operations size may be larger.
  2. Special TFTP server start-up options will probably be required to permit
     creation of file for the correct operation of the put command.
  3. CONFIG_FS_READABLE is not a user configuration but is set automatically
     if any readable file system is selected.  At present, this is either CONFIG_FS_FAT
     and CONFIG_FS_ROMFS.
  4. CONFIG_FS_WRITABLE is not a user configuration but is set automatically
     if any writeable file system is selected.  At present, this is only CONFIG_FS_FAT.

In addition, each NSH command can be individually disabled via one of the following
settings.  All of these settings make the configuration of NSH potentially complex but
also allow it to squeeze into very small memory footprints.

  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_ADDROUTE,  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_BASE64DEC, CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_BASE64ENC,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_BASENAME,  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_CAT,       CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_CD,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_CP,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_DD,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_DELROUTE,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_DF,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_DIRNAME,   CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_ECHO,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_EXEC,      CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_EXIT,      CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_FREE,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_GET,       CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_HELP,      CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_HEXDUMP,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_IFCONFIG,  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_IFUPDOWN,  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_KILL,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_LOSETUP,   CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_LN,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_LS,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MD5,       CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MB,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MKDIR,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MKFATFS,   CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MKFIFO,    CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MKRD,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MH,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MODCMDS,   CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MOUNT,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MW,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_MV,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_NFSMOUNT,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_NSLOOKUP,  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_PASSWD,    CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_PING6,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_POWEROFF,  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_PS,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_PUT,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_PWD,       CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_READLINK,  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_REBOOT,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_RM,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_RMDIR,     CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_ROUTE,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_SET,       CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_SH,        CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_SHUTDOWN,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_SLEEP,     CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_TEST,      CONFIG_NSH_DIABLE_TIME,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_UMOUNT,    CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_UNSET,     CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_URLDECODE,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_URLENCODE, CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_USERADD,   CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_USERDEL,
  CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_USLEEP,    CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_WGET,      CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_XD

Verbose help output can be suppressed by defining CONFIG_NSH_HELP_TERSE.  In that
case, the help command is still available but will be slightly smaller.

Built-in Application Configuration Settings
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
All built-in applications require that support for NSH built-in applications has been enabled.  This support is enabled with CONFIG_BUILTIN=y and CONFIG_NSH_BUILTIN_APPS=y.

  Application Depends on Configuration
  ----------- --------------------------
  ping        CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_NET_ICMP && CONFIG_NET_ICMP_SOCKET &&
              CONFIG_SYSTEM_PING && !CONFIG_DISABLE_POLL && !CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS
  ping6       CONFIG_NET && CONFIG_NET_ICMPv6 && CONFIG_NET_ICMPv6_SOCKET &&
              CONFIG_SYSTEM_PING6 && !CONFIG_DISABLE_POLL && !CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS

NSH-Specific Configuration Settings
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  The behavior of NSH can be modified with the following settings in
  the configs/<board-name>/defconfig file:

  * CONFIG_NSH_READLINE
      Selects the minimal implementation of readline().  This minimal
      implementation provides on backspace for command line editing.

  * CONFIG_NSH_CLE
      Selects the more extensive, EMACS-like command line editor.
      Select this option only if (1) you don't mind a modest increase
      in the FLASH footprint, and (2) you work with a terminal that
      support VT100 editing commands.

      Selecting this option will add probably 1.5-2KB to the FLASH
      footprint.

  * CONFIG_NSH_BUILTIN_APPS
      Support external registered, "builtin" applications that can be
      executed from the NSH command line (see apps/README.txt for
      more information).

  * CONFIG_NSH_FILEIOSIZE
      Size of a static I/O buffer used for file access (ignored if
      there is no file system). Default is 1024.

  * CONFIG_NSH_STRERROR
      strerror(errno) makes more readable output but strerror() is
      very large and will not be used unless this setting is 'y'.
      This setting depends upon the strerror() having been enabled
      with CONFIG_LIBC_STRERROR.

  * CONFIG_NSH_LINELEN
      The maximum length of one command line and of one output line.
      Default: 80

  * CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_SEMICOLON
      By default, you can enter multiple NSH commands on a line with
      each command separated by a semicolon. You can disable this
      feature to save a little memory on FLASH challenged platforms.
      Default: n

  * CONFIG_NSH_CMDPARMS
     If selected, then the output from commands, from file applications, and
     from NSH built-in commands can be used as arguments to other
     commands.  The entity to be executed is identified by enclosing the
     command line in back quotes.  For example,

       set FOO `myprogram $BAR`

     Will execute the program named myprogram passing it the value of the
     environment variable BAR.  The value of the environment variable FOO
     is then set output of myprogram on stdout.  Because this feature commits
     significant resources, it is disabled by default.

  * CONFIG_NSH_TMPDIR
     If CONFIG_NSH_CMDPARMS is selected, then function output will be retained
     in a temporary file.  In that case, this string must be provided to
     specify the full path to a directory where temporary files can be
     created.  This would be a good application of RAM disk: To provide
     temporary storage for function output.

  * CONFIG_NSH_MAXARGUMENTS
     The maximum number of NSH command arguments. Default: 6

  * CONFIG_NSH_ARGCAT
     Support concatenation of strings with environment variables or command
     output.  For example:

       set FOO XYZ
       set BAR 123
       set FOOBAR ABC_${FOO}_${BAR}

     would set the environment variable FOO to XYZ, BAR to 123 and FOOBAR
     to ABC_XYZ_123.  If NSH_ARGCAT is not selected, then a slightly small
     FLASH footprint results but then also only simple environment
     variables like $FOO can be used on the command line.

  * CONFIG_NSH_NESTDEPTH
      The maximum number of nested if-then[-else]-fi sequences that
      are permissable.  Default: 3

  * CONFIG_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT
      This can be set to 'y' to suppress support for scripting.  This
      setting disables the 'sh', 'test', and '[' commands and the
      if-then[-else]-fi construct.  This would only be set on systems
      where a minimal footprint is a necessity and scripting is not.

  * CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_ITEF

     If scripting is enabled, then then this option can be selected to
     suppress support for if-then-else-fi sequences in scripts.  This would
     only be set on systems where some minimal scripting is required but
     if-then-else-fi is not.

  * CONFIG_NSH_DISABLE_LOOPS

     If scripting is enabled, then then this option can be selected
     suppress support for while-do-done and until-do-done sequences in
     scripts.  This would only be set on systems where some minimal
     scripting is required but looping is not.

  * CONFIG_NSH_DISABLEBG
      This can be set to 'y' to suppress support for background
      commands.  This setting disables the 'nice' command prefix and
      the '&' command suffix.  This would only be set on systems
      where a minimal footprint is a necessity and background command
      execution is not.

  * CONFIG_NSH_MMCSDMINOR
      If the architecture supports an MMC/SD slot and if the NSH
      architecture specific logic is present, this option will provide
      the MMC/SD minor number, i.e., the MMC/SD block driver will
      be registered as /dev/mmcsdN where N is the minor number.
      Default is zero.

  * CONFIG_NSH_ROMFSETC
      Mount a ROMFS file system at /etc and provide a startup script
      at /etc/init.d/rcS.  The default startup script will mount
      a FAT FS RAMDISK at /tmp but the logic is easily extensible.

  * CONFIG_NSH_CONSOLE
      If CONFIG_NSH_CONSOLE is set to 'y', then a serial
      console front-end is selected.

      Normally, the serial console device is a UART and RS-232
      interface.  However, if CONFIG_USBDEV is defined, then a USB
      serial device may, instead, be used if the one of
      the following are defined:

      CONFIG_PL2303 and CONFIG_PL2303_CONSOLE - Sets up the
        Prolifics PL2303 emulation as a console device
        at /dev/console.

      CONFIG_CDCACM and CONFIG_CDCACM_CONSOLE - Sets up the
        CDC/ACM serial device as a console device at
        dev/console.

      CONFIG_NSH_USBCONSOLE
        If defined, then the an arbitrary USB device may be used
        to as the NSH console.  In this case, CONFIG_NSH_USBCONDEV
        must be defined to indicate which USB device to use as
        the console.

      CONFIG_NSH_USBCONDEV
        If CONFIG_NSH_USBCONSOLE is set to 'y', then CONFIG_NSH_USBCONDEV
        must also be set to select the USB device used to support
        the NSH console.   This should be set to the quoted name of a
        read-/write-able USB driver.  Default: "/dev/ttyACM0".

      If there are more than one USB devices, then a USB device
      minor number may also need to be provided:

      CONFIG_NSH_USBDEV_MINOR
        The minor device number of the USB device.  Default: 0

      CONFIG_NSH_USBKBD
        Normally NSH uses the same device for stdin, stdout, and stderr.  By
        default, that device is /dev/console.  If this option is selected,
        then NSH will use a USB HID keyboard for stdin.  In this case, the
        keyboard is connected directly to the target (via a USB host
        interface) and the data from the keyboard will drive NSH.  NSH
        output (stdout and stderr) will still go to /dev/console.

      CONFIG_NSH_USBKBD_DEVNAME
        If NSH_USBKBD is set to 'y', then NSH_USBKBD_DEVNAME must also be
        set to select the USB keyboard device used to support the NSH
        console input.   This should be set to the quoted name of a read-
        able keyboard driver. Default: "/dev/kbda".

      CONFIG_NSH_USBDEV_TRACE
        If USB tracing is enabled (CONFIG_USBDEV_TRACE), then NSH can
        be configured to show the buffered USB trace data afer each
        NSH command:

      If CONFIG_NSH_USBDEV_TRACE is selected, then USB trace data
      can be filtered as follows. Default: Only USB errors are traced.

      CONFIG_NSH_USBDEV_TRACEINIT
        Show initialization events
      CONFIG_NSH_USBDEV_TRACECLASS
        Show class driver events
      CONFIG_NSH_USBDEV_TRACETRANSFERS
        Show data transfer events
      CONFIG_NSH_USBDEV_TRACECONTROLLER
        Show controller events
      CONFIG_NSH_USBDEV_TRACEINTERRUPTS
        Show interrupt-related events.

  * CONFIG_NSH_ALTCONDEV and CONFIG_NSH_CONDEV
      If CONFIG_NSH_CONSOLE is set to 'y', then CONFIG_NSH_ALTCONDEV may also
      be selected to enable use of an alternate character device to support
      the NSH console.  If CONFIG_NSH_ALTCONDEV is selected, then
      CONFIG_NSH_CONDEV holds the quoted name of a readable/write-able
      character driver such as: CONFIG_NSH_CONDEV="/dev/ttyS1".  This is
      useful, for example, to separate the NSH command line from the system
      console when the system console is used to provide debug output.
      Default:  stdin and stdout (probably "/dev/console")

      NOTE 1: When any other device other than /dev/console is used for a
      user interface, (1) linefeeds (\n) will not be expanded to carriage
      return / linefeeds (\r\n).  You will need to configure your terminal
      program to account for this.  And (2) input is not automatically
      echoed so you will have to turn local echo on.

      NOTE 2:  This option forces the console of all sessions to use
      NSH_CONDEV.  Hence, this option only makes sense for a system that
      supports only a single session.  This option is, in particular,
      incompatible with Telnet sessions because each Telnet session must
      use a different console device.

  * CONFIG_NSH_TELNET
      If CONFIG_NSH_TELNET is set to 'y', then a TELENET
      server front-end is selected.  When this option is provided,
      you may log into NuttX remotely using telnet in order to
      access NSH.

  * CONFIG_NSH_ARCHINIT
      Set if your board provides architecture specific initialization
      via the board-interface function boardctl().  This function will
      be called early in NSH initialization to allow board logic to
      do such things as configure MMC/SD slots.

  If Telnet is selected for the NSH console, then we must configure
  the resources used by the Telnet daemon and by the Telnet clients.

  * CONFIG_NSH_TELNETD_PORT - The telnet daemon will listen on this
      TCP port number for connections.  Default: 23

  * CONFIG_NSH_TELNETD_DAEMONPRIO - Priority of the Telnet daemon.
      Default: SCHED_PRIORITY_DEFAULT

  * CONFIG_NSH_TELNETD_DAEMONSTACKSIZE - Stack size allocated for the
      Telnet daemon. Default: 2048

  * CONFIG_NSH_TELNETD_CLIENTPRIO- Priority of the Telnet client.
      Default: SCHED_PRIORITY_DEFAULT

  * CONFIG_NSH_TELNETD_CLIENTSTACKSIZE - Stack size allocated for the
      Telnet client. Default: 2048

  One or both of CONFIG_NSH_CONSOLE and CONFIG_NSH_TELNET
  must be defined.  If CONFIG_NSH_TELNET is selected, then there some
  other configuration settings that apply:

  * CONFIG_NET=y
      Of course, networking must be enabled

  * CONFIG_NSOCKET_DESCRIPTORS
      And, of course, you must allocate some socket descriptors.

  * CONFIG_NET_TCP=y
      TCP/IP support is required for telnet (as well as various other TCP-related
      configuration settings).

  * CONFIG_NSH_IOBUFFER_SIZE
      Determines the size of the I/O buffer to use for sending/
      receiving TELNET commands/reponses

  * CONFIG_NSH_DHCPC
      Obtain the IP address via DHCP.

  * CONFIG_NSH_IPADDR
      If CONFIG_NSH_DHCPC is NOT set, then the static IP
      address must be provided.

  * CONFIG_NSH_DRIPADDR
      Default router IP address

  * CONFIG_NSH_NETMASK
      Network mask

  * CONFIG_NSH_NOMAC
      Set if your ethernet hardware has no built-in MAC address.
      If set, a bogus MAC will be assigned.

  If you use DHCPC, then some special configuration network options are
  required.  These include:

  * CONFIG_NET=y
      Of course, networking must be enabled

  * CONFIG_NSOCKET_DESCRIPTORS
      And, of course, you must allocate some socket descriptors.

  * CONFIG_NET_UDP=y
      UDP support is required for DHCP (as well as various other UDP-related
      configuration settings)

  * CONFIG_NET_BROADCAST=y
      UDP broadcast support is needed.

  * CONFIG_NET_ETH_MTU=650 (or larger)
      Per RFC2131 (p. 9), the DHCP client must be prepared to receive DHCP
      messages of up to 576 bytes (excluding Ethernet, IP, or UDP headers and FCS).
      NOTE: Note that the actual MTU setting will depend upon the specific
      link protocol.  Here Ethernet is indicated.

  If CONFIG_NSH_ROMFSETC is selected, then the following additional
  configuration setting apply:

  * CONFIG_NSH_ROMFSMOUNTPT
      The default mountpoint for the ROMFS volume is /etc, but that
      can be changed with this setting.  This must be a absolute path
      beginning with '/'.

  * CONFIG_NSH_INITSCRIPT
      This is the relative path to the startup script within the mountpoint.
      The default is init.d/rcS.  This is a relative path and must not
      start with '/'.

  * CONFIG_NSH_ROMFSDEVNO
      This is the minor number of the ROMFS block device.  The default is
      '0' corresponding to /dev/ram0.

  * CONFIG_NSH_ROMFSSECTSIZE
      This is the sector size to use with the ROMFS volume.  Since the
      default volume is very small, this defaults to 64 but should be
      increased if the ROMFS volume were to be become large.  Any value
      selected must be a power of 2.

  When the default rcS file used when CONFIG_NSH_ROMFSETC is
  selected, it will mount a FAT FS under /tmp.  The following selections
  describe that FAT FS.

  * CONFIG_NSH_FATDEVNO
      This is the minor number of the FAT FS block device.  The default is
      '1' corresponding to /dev/ram1.

  * CONFIG_NSH_FATSECTSIZE
      This is the sector size use with the FAT FS. Default is 512.

  * CONFIG_NSH_FATNSECTORS
      This is the number of sectors to use with the FAT FS.  Defalt is
      1024.  The amount of memory used by the FAT FS will be
      CONFIG_NSH_FATSECTSIZE * CONFIG_NSH_FATNSECTORS
      bytes.

  * CONFIG_NSH_FATMOUNTPT
      This is the location where the FAT FS will be mounted.  Default
      is /tmp.

Common Problems
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  Problem:
    Using NSH over serial, the "nsh>" prompt repeats over and over again
    with no serial input.
  Usual Cause:
    NSH over serial needs to use the interrupt driven serial driver
    (drivers/serial/serial.c) not the polled serial driver (drivers/serial/lowconsole.c).
    Make sure that the polled console is disabled in the OS configuration
    file, .config.  That file should have CONFIG_DEV_LOWCONSOLE=n for
    NSH over serial.

  Problem:
    The function 'readline' is undefined.
  Usual Cause:
    The following is missing from your defconfig file:

      CONFIG_SYSTEM_READLINE=y