152 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
152 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
Termux packages
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===============
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[](https://gitter.im/termux/termux)
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This project contains scripts and patches to cross compile and package packages for
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the [Termux](https://termux.com/) Android application.
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The scripts and patches to build each package is licensed under the same license as
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the actual package (so the patches and scripts to build bash are licensed under
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the same license as bash, while the patches and scripts to build python are licensed
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under the same license as python, etc).
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NOTE: This is in a rough state - be prepared for some work and frustrations, and give
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feedback if you find incorrect our outdated things!
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Build environment on Ubuntu 16.04
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=================================
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Packages are normally built using Ubuntu 16.04. Most packages should build also under
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other Linux distributions (or even on OS X), but those environments will need manual setup
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adapted from the below setup for Ubuntu:
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* Run `scripts/setup-ubuntu.sh` to install required packages and setup the `/data/` folder.
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* Run `scripts/setup-android-sdk.sh` to install the Android SDK and NDK at `$HOME/lib/android-{sdk,ndk}`.
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Build environment using Docker
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==============================
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A Docker container configured for building images can be downloaded an run with:
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./scripts/run-docker.sh
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This will set you up with a interactive prompt in a container, where this source folder
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is mounted as the /root/termux-packages data volume, so changes are kept in sync between
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the host and the container when trying things out before committing.
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The build output folder is mounted to $HOME/termux, so deb files can be found in
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$HOME/termux/_deb on the host for trying them out on a device or emulator.
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Building a package
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==================
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The basic build operation is to run `./build-package.sh $PKG`, which:
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* Sets up a patched stand-alone Android NDK toolchain if necessary.
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* Reads `packages/$PKG/build.s`h to find out where to find the source code of the package and how to build it.
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* Applies all patches in packages/$PKG/\*.patch.
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* Builds the package and installs it to `$PREFIX`.
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* Creates a dpkg package file for distribution in `$HOME/termux/_deb`.
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Reading `build-package.sh` is the best way to understand what is going on.
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Additional utilities
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====================
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* build-all.sh: used for building all packages in the correct order (using buildorder.py).
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* clean-rebuild-all.sh: used for doing a clean rebuild of all packages.
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* scripts/check-pie.sh: Used for verifying that all binaries are using PIE, which is required for Android 5+.
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* scripts/detect-hardlinks.sh: Used for finding if any packages uses hardlinks, which does not work on Android M.
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* scripts/check-versions.sh: used for checking for package updates.
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* scripts/list-packages.sh: used for listing all packages with a one-line summary.
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Resources about cross-compiling packages
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========================================
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* [Linux From Scratch](http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/index.html)
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* [Beyond Linux From Scratch](http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/stable/)
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* [Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch](http://www.clfs.org/view/CLFS-3.0.0-SYSVINIT/mips64-64/)
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* [OpenWrt](https://openwrt.org/) as an embedded Linx distribution contains [patches and build scripts](https://dev.openwrt.org/browser/packages)
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* http://dan.drown.org/android contains [patches for cross-compiling to Android](http://dan.drown.org/android/src/) as well as [work notes](http://dan.drown.org/android/worknotes.html), including a modified dynamic linker to avoid messing with `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`.
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* [Kivy recipes](https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/tree/master/pythonforandroid/recipes) contains recipes for building packages for Android.
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Common porting problems
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=======================
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* The Android bionic libc does not have iconv and gettext/libintl functionality built in. A package from the NDK, libandroid-support,
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contains these and may be used by all packages.
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* "error: z: no archive symbol table (run ranlib)" usually means that the build machines libz is used instead of the one for cross compilation, due to the builder library -L path being setup incorrectly
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* rindex(3) is defined in <strings.h> but does not exist in NDK, but strrchr(3) from <string.h> is preferred anyway
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* <sys/termios.h> does not exist, but <termios.h> is the standard location.
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* <sys/fcntl.h> does not exist, but <fcntl.h> is the standard location.
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* glob(3) system function (glob.h) - not in bionic, but use the `libandroid-glob` package
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* [Cmake and cross compiling](http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_Cross_Compiling).
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`CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=$TERMUX_PREFIX` to search there.
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`CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=ONLY` and `CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=ONLY`
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for only searching there and don't fall back to build machines
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* Android is removing sys/timeb.h because it was removed in POSIX 2008, but ftime(3) can be replaced with gettimeofday(2)
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* mempcpy(3) is a GNU extension. We have added it to <string.h> provided TERMUX_EXPOSE_MEMPCPY is defined,
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so use something like CFLAGS+=" -DTERMUX_EXPOSE_MEMPCPY=1" for packages expecting that function to exist.
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dlopen() and RTLD_* flags
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=================================
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<dlfcn.h> originally declares
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enum { RTLD_NOW=0, RTLD_LAZY=1, RTLD_LOCAL=0, RTLD_GLOBAL=2, RTLD_NOLOAD=4}; // 32-bit
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enum { RTLD_NOW=2, RTLD_LAZY=1, RTLD_LOCAL=0, RTLD_GLOBAL=0x00100, RTLD_NOLOAD=4}; // 64-bit
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These differs from glibc ones in that
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1. They are not preprocessor #define:s so cannot be checked for with `#ifdef RTLD_GLOBAL`. Termux patches this to #define values for compatibility with several packages.
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2. They differ in value from glibc ones, so cannot be hardcoded in files (DLFCN.py in python does this)
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3. They are missing some values (`RTLD_BINDING_MASK`, `RTLD_NOLOAD`, ...)
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RPATH, RUNPATH AND LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH
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====================================
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On desktop linux the linker searches for shared libraries in:
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1. `RPATH` - a list of directories which is linked into the executable, supported on most UNIX systems. It is ignored if `RUNPATH` is present.
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2. `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` - an environment variable which holds a list of directories
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3. `RUNPATH` - same as `RPATH`, but searched after `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`, supported only on most recent UNIX systems
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The Android linker (/system/bin/linker) does not support `RPATH` or `RUNPATH`, so we set `LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PREFIX/lib` and try to avoid building useless rpath entries with --disable-rpath configure flags. Another option to avoid depending on `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` would be supplying a custom linker - this is not done due to the overhead of maintaining a custom linker.
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Warnings about unused DT entries
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================================
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Starting from 5.1 the Android linker warns about VERNEED (0x6FFFFFFE) and VERNEEDNUM (0x6FFFFFFF) ELF dynamic sections:
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WARNING: linker: $BINARY: unused DT entry: type 0x6ffffffe arg ...
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WARNING: linker: $BINARY: unused DT entry: type 0x6fffffff arg ...
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These may come from version scripts in a Makefile such as:
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-Wl,--version-script=$(top_srcdir)/proc/libprocps.sym
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The termux-elf-cleaner utilty is run from build-package.sh and should normally take care of that problem.
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